Lipiansky potok

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium60%SR 72 %
• Limestones and dolomites20%SR 2.7 %
• Flysch20%SR 4.7 %

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River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary60%
• flysch40%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• fluvial sediments of floodplains67%SR 68 %
• deluvial sediments33%SR 16 %

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• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover2.8m

• 0 – 260%SR 16 %
• 5 – 1020%SR 20 %
• 2 – 520%SR 48 %

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Neotectonic units

• positive unit (mountain range)100%SR 60 %

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Direction of neotectonic movements

• large uplift100%SR 26 %

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Regional geological division

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene50%SR 11 %
• Klippen Belt and the adjacent peri-Klippen zone50%SR 2.2 %

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Regional geological division (subunits)

• Spiš–Šariš Paleogene50%SR 5.8 %
• Šariš section50%SR 0.0 %

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Engineering-geological districts

• region of mountain-stream deposits50%SR 21 %
• region of sandstone-conglomerate rocks50%SR 3.4 %

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Engineering-geological formations

• formation of Quaternary sediments50%SR 71 %
• flysch formation50%SR 13 %

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Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas80%SR 95 %
• Region of potentially unstable areas20%SR 4.4 %

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The map covers 5 of 5 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Gravel100%SR 52 %

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Aquifer type

• Zvodnence s prevažne medzizrnovým typom priepustnosti (prevažne nespevnené sedimenty) (Gravel; Fluviálne)100%SR 27 %

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Type of permeability (basic hydrogeological map 1:50,000)

• fissure100%SR 12 %

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Hydrogeological function

• aquifer100%SR 95 %

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Main hydrogeological region

• Paleogene of Čergov60%SR 1.4 %
• Paleogene of Spiš-Šarišské Medzihoria, Bachurne and Šarišská vrchovina in the Torysy basin40%SR 0.0 %

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Genetic type of groundwater

• carbonatogenic and carbonate-silicatogenic groundwater50%SR 0.0 %
• carbonate-silicatogenic groundwater50%SR 3.5 %

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Chemical type of groundwater

• Ca-Mg-HCO3 typ67%SR 5.5 %
• Ca-HCO3 typ33%SR 5.1 %

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Groundwater quality class

• A67%SR 36 %
• F33%SR 8.8 %

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Geothermal groundwater bodies

• Levoča Basin – NE part100%SR 5.0 %

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Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–Mg–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• PotassiumK4.07 mg/lpercentile 65
• FluoridesF0.137 mg/lpercentile 60
• MagnesiumMg17.2 mg/lpercentile 57
• BicarbonatesHCO3233 mg/lpercentile 57
• CalciumCa66.8 mg/lpercentile 55
• ChloridesCl8.62 mg/lpercentile 49
• SodiumNa8.47 mg/lpercentile 47
• SulphatesSO436.1 mg/lpercentile 44

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• NitratesNO35.84 mg/lpercentile 46
• PhosphatesPO40.112 mg/lpercentile 45
• AmmoniumNH40.0804 mg/lpercentile 39
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK2.30 mg/lpercentile 27

Metals

• AluminiumAl54.0 μg/lpercentile 45
• ManganeseMn13.7 μg/lpercentile 29
• ZincZn3.60 μg/lpercentile 26
• IronFe0.0459 mg/lpercentile 20

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• ChromiumCr136 mg/kgpercentile 92
• NickelNi39.0 mg/kgpercentile 88
• MolybdenumMo0.591 mg/kgpercentile 79
• BismuthBi0.300 mg/kgpercentile 73
• SeleniumSe0.280 mg/kgpercentile 58
• MercuryHg0.104 mg/kgpercentile 51
• ArsenicAs5.99 mg/kgpercentile 42
• CopperCu21.5 mg/kgpercentile 40
• CadmiumCd0.136 mg/kgpercentile 37
• VanadiumV62.9 mg/kgpercentile 37
• ZincZn82.8 mg/kgpercentile 34
• TinSn2.20 mg/kgpercentile 30
• CobaltCo6.94 mg/kgpercentile 26
• AntimonySb0.395 mg/kgpercentile 23
• LeadPb9.18 mg/kgpercentile 8

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.33 %percentile 59
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh6.56 ppm21th percentile
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.18 ppm14th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1371,196 Bq/m²percentile 31

Radon risk by isopleths

• low50%SR 36 %
• medium50%SR 64 %

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Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

Geothermal groundwater bodies beneath the water line

• Levoča Basin – NE part100%SR 5.0 %

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Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)351–1 157m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units674m a.s.l.
• Average slope14.2°
• Average January temperature-5.9°C
• Average July temperature13.9°C
• Annual precipitation978mm

Geomorphological units

• Čergov67%SR 0.0 %
• Spiš–Šariš Intermountain Area33%SR 0.0 %

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Geomorphological regions

• Východné Beskydy67%SR 1.3 %
• Podhôľne–Magura area33%SR 4.5 %

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Climatic-geographical types

• basin climate50%SR 29 %
• mountain climate50%SR 33 %

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Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils susceptible to acidification50%SR 31 %
• naturally acidic soils50%SR 8.5 %

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Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A80%SR 45 %
• relatively clean soil20%SR 53 %

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Lithogeochemical types

• Clayey-sandy sediments of the Cretaceous and Paleogene of the Klippen Belt, Tatricum and Hronicum100%SR 2.9 %

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Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• LithiumLihigh (top 5 %)
  highest 60.0 μg/lmedian 25.0 μg/l4 samples25 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Lipany2003, 680 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.300 μg/l4 samples25 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Lipany, 50 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 92 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBaelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 100 μg/lmedian 84.0 μg/l4 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Lipany2003, 50 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 4.00 μg/lmedian 4.00 μg/l4 samples25 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Lipany2003, 680 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbslightly elevated
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l4 samples25 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Lipany2003, 680 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 82 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsslightly elevated
  highest 2.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l4 samples25 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Lipany2003, 680 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCutypical value
  highest 2.00 μg/lmedian 2.00 μg/l4 samples25 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Lipany2003, 680 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 66 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: potok bezm.2007, 20 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: potok bezm.2007, 20 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 32 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2below half of Slovakia
  highest 6.66 mg/lmedian 6.66 mg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: potok bezm.2007, 20 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 24 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Barite (BaSO₄)16 samples, at most 815 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)12 samples, at most 815 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)4 samples, at most 55 grains
• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)4 samples, at most 815 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)4 samples, at most 55 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)4 samples, at most 815 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)4 samples, at most 815 grains
• Gold (Au)2 samples, at most 2 grains
• Cinabarit (HgS)1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)1 sample, at most 55 grains

Nearest samples with gold

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Spinel (Cr-spinel) ((Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)₂O₄)18 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)4 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)4 samples, at most 55 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)4 samples, at most 815 grains
• Epidot (Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH))1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)1 sample, at most 5 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Chemical water types nearby

• Ca-Mg-HCO322×
• Ca-HCO312×
• Ca-HCO3-SO42×
• Mg-Ca-HCO31×

Water quality class according to the hydrogeochemical map

• class A16×
• class B9×
• class C4×
• class E4×
• class F2×
• class D1×
• class G1×

Metals in groundwater

• SeleniumSehigh (top 5 %)
  highest 5.20 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l32 samples81 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 98 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 6.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l32 samples47 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 2,180 μg/lmedian 7.00 μg/l32 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 9.10 μg/lmedian 0.700 μg/l32 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHghigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.300 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l32 samples94 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 0.0700 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l32 samples91 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 94 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLielevated (top 10 %)
  highest 45.0 μg/lmedian 10.0 μg/l32 samples9 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 93 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsslightly elevated
  highest 1.70 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l32 samples97 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: vrt1992, 540 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 86 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbslightly elevated
  highest 0.200 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l32 samples97 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 83 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l26 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l32 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 47 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l32 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 29 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

Deposits and mining areas

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

299 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 67 hydrogeological and 232 other; with an archive report number 298.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m229×
• 10–30 m47×
• 30–100 m3×
• 100–300 m4×
• over 300 m3×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Environmental burdens

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides36×
• Block fields1×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny25×
• Aktívny8×
• Stabilizovaný4×

Current state

• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova16×
• SD prebraná z archívnych materiálov (existuje inž. geologick11×
• SD zaregistrovaná v rámci terénneho výskumu na úlohe Atlas S5×
• Processed only in the scope of registration on a scale of 1:25,0003×