Skalnatý potok

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium100%SR 72 %

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River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary100%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• glacifluvial sediments100%SR 0.5 %

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• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover13m

• 10 – 15100%SR 7.1 %

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Tectonic division

• NEOALPÍNSKE TEKTONICKÉ ŠTRUKTÚRY ZÁPADNÝCH KARPÁT100%SR 84 %

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Neotectonic units

• negative unit (intermountain basins)100%SR 14 %

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Direction of neotectonic movements

• medium subsidence100%SR 6.8 %

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Regional geological division

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene100%SR 11 %

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Regional geological division (subunits)

• Poprad Basin100%SR 1.4 %

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Engineering-geological districts

• region of mountain-stream deposits100%SR 21 %

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Engineering-geological formations

• formation of Quaternary sediments100%SR 71 %

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Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas100%SR 95 %

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The map covers 1 of 4 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Gravel100%SR 52 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Gravel)50%SR 22 %
• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Gravel)50%SR 0.3 %

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Main hydrogeological region

• kryštalinikum časti Vysokých Tatier a kvartér ich predpolia100%SR 1.2 %

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Geothermal groundwater bodies

• Levoča Basin – W and S part100%SR 9.5 %

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Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–HCO₃–SO₄

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• FluoridesF0.113 mg/lpercentile 50
• ChloridesCl4.89 mg/lpercentile 33
• SulphatesSO422.1 mg/lpercentile 20
• SodiumNa3.80 mg/lpercentile 18
• CalciumCa20.7 mg/lpercentile 10
• MagnesiumMg4.71 mg/lpercentile 9
• PotassiumK0.916 mg/lpercentile 9
• BicarbonatesHCO360.3 mg/lpercentile 9

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• AmmoniumNH40.372 mg/lpercentile 82
• PhosphatesPO40.218 mg/lpercentile 61
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK3.66 mg/lpercentile 61
• NitratesNO32.12 mg/lpercentile 8

Metals

• AluminiumAl192 μg/lpercentile 78
• IronFe0.225 mg/lpercentile 78
• ManganeseMn43.4 μg/lpercentile 58
• ZincZn5.06 μg/lpercentile 38

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• AntimonySb3.91 mg/kgpercentile 89
• TinSn4.02 mg/kgpercentile 82
• CadmiumCd0.393 mg/kgpercentile 80
• MercuryHg0.191 mg/kgpercentile 73
• ZincZn129 mg/kgpercentile 73
• MolybdenumMo0.506 mg/kgpercentile 70
• LeadPb19.2 mg/kgpercentile 67
• ArsenicAs8.25 mg/kgpercentile 67
• BismuthBi0.266 mg/kgpercentile 66
• NickelNi26.8 mg/kgpercentile 60
• SeleniumSe0.272 mg/kgpercentile 56
• VanadiumV67.5 mg/kgpercentile 49
• CopperCu21.9 mg/kgpercentile 42
• ChromiumCr59.2 mg/kgpercentile 29
• CobaltCo6.06 mg/kgpercentile 16

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.27 %percentile 34
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh5.82 ppm8th percentile
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU1.98 ppm7th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1371,957 Bq/m²percentile 68

Radon risk by isopleths

• medium100%SR 64 %

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Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

• Rock temperature at 1,000 m depth35°C
• Surface heat flow density60mW/m²

Geothermal groundwater bodies beneath the water line

• Levoča Basin – W and S part100%SR 9.5 %

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Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)555–1 095m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units732m a.s.l.
• Average slope3.3°
• Average January temperature-5.0°C
• Average July temperature15.9°C
• Annual precipitation740mm

Geomorphological units

• Sub-Tatra Basin100%SR 3.9 %

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Geomorphological regions

• Fatra–Tatra area100%SR 21 %

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Climatic-geographical types

• basin climate100%SR 29 %

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Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• naturally acidic soils67%SR 8.5 %
• soils susceptible to acidification33%SR 31 %

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Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A75%SR 45 %
• relatively clean soil25%SR 53 %

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Lithogeochemical types

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene100%SR 11 %

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Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• CadmiumCdelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.225 μg/l4 samples50 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Veľká Lomnica, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 92 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 4.00 μg/lmedian 3.25 μg/l4 samples50 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Veľká Lomnica2002, 740 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbslightly elevated
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l5 samples60 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Veľká Lomnica2002, 740 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 82 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLislightly elevated
  highest 10.0 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l5 samples60 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Veľká Lomnica2002, 740 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCutypical value
  highest 2.00 μg/lmedian 1.80 μg/l4 samples25 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Veľká Lomnica2002, 740 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 66 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAstypical value
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 0.580 μg/l5 samples40 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Veľká Lomnica2002, 740 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l2 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Skalnatý, potok1996, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 32 of all samples in Slovakia.

• StrontiumSrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 94.0 μg/lmedian 88.0 μg/l3 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Skalný, potok1997, 40 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 27 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBabelow half of Slovakia
  highest 10.0 μg/lmedian 10.0 μg/l2 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Veľká Lomnica2002, 740 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 10 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2typical value
  highest 13.6 mg/lmedian 13.5 mg/l3 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Skalný, potok1997, 40 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 60 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Barite (BaSO₄)9 samples, at most 55 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)6 samples, at most 55 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)5 samples, at most 815 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)5 samples, at most 55 grains
• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)4 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)4 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)3 samples, at most 5 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)2 samples, at most 55 grains
• Monazit ((Ce,La,Nd)PO₄)1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Cinabarit (HgS)1 sample, at most 1 grains

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Epidot (Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH))5 samples, at most 815 grains
• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)5 samples, at most 55 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)5 samples, at most 5 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)4 samples, at most 5 grains
• Spinel (Cr-spinel) ((Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)₂O₄)4 samples, at most 5 grains
• Apatit (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH))3 samples, at most 5 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Staurolit (Fe₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH))1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Titanit (CaTiSiO₅)1 sample, at most 396 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Metals in groundwater

• MercuryHgextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 1.30 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l25 samples76 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1994, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 10.0 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l25 samples96 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 370 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 0.270 mg/lmedian 0.0200 mg/l25 samples20 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1994, 1.3 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 7.50 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l25 samples72 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 3.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 6.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l25 samples64 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.900 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l25 samples56 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLielevated (top 10 %)
  highest 36.0 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l25 samples32 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 3.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuslightly elevated
  highest 3.70 μg/lmedian 0.900 μg/l25 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 89 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSeslightly elevated
  highest 1.60 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l25 samples96 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.2 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 89 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsslightly elevated
  highest 1.80 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l25 samples84 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 87 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZntypical value
  highest 115 μg/lmedian 10.0 μg/l25 samples20 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 73 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l2 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: drenáž1992, 1.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

Deposits and mining areas

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

103 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 16 hydrogeological and 87 other; with an archive report number 103.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m68×
• 10–30 m29×
• 30–100 m4×
• 100–300 m0×
• over 300 m1×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides13×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny13×

Current state

• Processed only in the scope of registration on a scale of 1:25,0007×
• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova5×
• SD zaregistrovaná v rámci terénneho výskumu na úlohe Atlas S1×