VN Bukovec I.

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium100%SR 72 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary100%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• fluvial sediments of floodplains100%SR 68 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover7.5m

• 5 – 10100%SR 20 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Tectonic units

• GEMERIKUM100%SR 13 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Tectonic division

• Paleo-Alpine tectonic units of the Inner Western Carpathians100%SR 16 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Neotectonic units

• positive unit (mountain range)100%SR 60 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Direction of neotectonic movements

• medium uplift100%SR 32 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division

• Gemer Belt100%SR 5.9 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division (subunits)

• Spiš–Gemer Ore Mountains100%SR 2.9 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas100%SR 95 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

The map covers 1 of 1 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Gravel100%SR 52 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Gravel)100%SR 22 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Main hydrogeological region

• the Paleozoic of the Volovské vrchy in the Bodva basin100%SR 0.0 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–Mg–HCO₃–SO₄

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• FluoridesF0.150 mg/lpercentile 66
• PotassiumK3.73 mg/lpercentile 61
• ChloridesCl14.0 mg/lpercentile 61
• SodiumNa11.7 mg/lpercentile 60
• SulphatesSO433.1 mg/lpercentile 39
• MagnesiumMg9.32 mg/lpercentile 29
• CalciumCa25.5 mg/lpercentile 15
• BicarbonatesHCO383.3 mg/lpercentile 14

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• NitratesNO310.3 mg/lpercentile 74
• PhosphatesPO40.257 mg/lpercentile 65
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK3.33 mg/lpercentile 54
• AmmoniumNH40.0408 mg/lpercentile 20

Metals

• ManganeseMn263 μg/lpercentile 92
• AluminiumAl221 μg/lpercentile 82
• IronFe0.207 mg/lpercentile 76
• ZincZn11.9 μg/lpercentile 71

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• ArsenicAs124 mg/kgpercentile 96
• LeadPb132 mg/kgpercentile 95
• AntimonySb41.4 mg/kgpercentile 95
• CopperCu69.2 mg/kgpercentile 93
• CadmiumCd0.964 mg/kgpercentile 93
• MercuryHg0.674 mg/kgpercentile 91
• BismuthBi0.534 mg/kgpercentile 91
• ZincZn168 mg/kgpercentile 85
• TinSn4.06 mg/kgpercentile 82
• VanadiumV85.7 mg/kgpercentile 79
• MolybdenumMo0.445 mg/kgpercentile 61
• NickelNi25.2 mg/kgpercentile 53
• ChromiumCr72.7 mg/kgpercentile 51
• CobaltCo7.07 mg/kgpercentile 28
• SeleniumSe0.0770 mg/kgpercentile 5

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K2.08 %percentile 96
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh10.1 ppm95th percentile
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU3.22 ppm90th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS137399 Bq/m²percentile 4

Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)194–562m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units304m a.s.l.
• Average slope5.0°

Geomorphological units

• Košice Basin100%SR 2.8 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geomorphological regions

• Lučenec–Košice Depression100%SR 7.6 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils susceptible to acidification100%SR 31 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A100%SR 45 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• AntimonySbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 18.0 μg/lmedian 11.4 μg/l3 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Ida1993, 140 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 98 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 7.50 μg/lmedian 6.00 μg/l3 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Ida1993, 140 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAshigh (top 5 %)
  highest 9.30 μg/lmedian 8.70 μg/l3 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Ida1993, 140 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuslightly elevated
  highest 3.80 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l3 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Ida1993, 140 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 85 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdslightly elevated
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l3 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Ida, 190 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l3 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Ida1993, 190 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 2.50 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l3 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Ida1993, 190 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 43 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLibelow half of Slovakia
  highest 5.00 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l3 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Ida1993, 190 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 34 of all samples in Slovakia.

• StrontiumSrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 60.0 μg/lmedian 60.0 μg/l3 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Ida1993, 190 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 16 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBabelow half of Slovakia
  highest 10.0 μg/lmedian 10.0 μg/l3 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Ida1993, 190 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 10 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2typical value
  highest 13.1 mg/lmedian 9.19 mg/l3 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: 800m JV od K496 Zámčisko1993, 610 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 59 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)10 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)10 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)10 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)10 samples, at most 815 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)9 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)8 samples, at most 55 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)8 samples, at most 55 grains
• Barite (BaSO₄)5 samples, at most 315 grains
• Gold (Au)5 samples, at most 4 grains
• Monazit ((Ce,La,Nd)PO₄)4 samples, at most 55 grains
• Arsenopyrite (FeAsS)4 samples, at most 5 grains
• Cinabarit (HgS)4 samples, at most 22 grains
• Sphalerite (ZnS)4 samples, at most 50 grains
• Scheelit (CaWO₄)2 samples, at most 8 grains
• Kasiterit (SnO₂)2 samples, at most 50 grains

Nearest samples with gold

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Epidot (Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH))10 samples, at most 555 grains
• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)10 samples, at most 5 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)10 samples, at most 55 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)10 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Amfiboly (Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂)7 samples, at most 155 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)6 samples, at most 55 grains
• Staurolit (Fe₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH))3 samples, at most 5 grains
• Spinel (Cr-spinel) ((Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)₂O₄)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Korund (Al₂O₃)1 sample, at most 5 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Metals in groundwater

• AntimonySbextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 34.0 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l15 samples67 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 7,100 μg/lmedian 318 μg/l15 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 40.5 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l15 samples73 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 5.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l15 samples73 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHghigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.300 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l15 samples60 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.600 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l15 samples87 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.0800 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l15 samples93 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 5.30 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l15 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 94 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSeslightly elevated
  highest 1.40 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l15 samples80 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.2 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 87 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLislightly elevated
  highest 28.0 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l15 samples13 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 3.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 86 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrslightly elevated
  highest 0.900 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l15 samples80 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.3 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 76 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l7 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.3 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

Deposits and mining areas

Ore occurrences in the metallogenic map

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

49 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 8 hydrogeological and 41 other; with an archive report number 49.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m16×
• 10–30 m24×
• 30–100 m5×
• 100–300 m4×
• over 300 m0×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides8×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny6×
• Stabilizovaný1×
• Aktívny1×

Current state

• Processed only in the scope of registration on a scale of 1:25,0006×
• SD prebraná z archívnych materiálov (existuje inž. geologick1×
• Insufficiently documented1×