VN Palcmanská Maša

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium100%SR 72 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary100%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• fluvial sediments of floodplains100%SR 68 %

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• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover1.0m

• 0 – 2100%SR 16 %

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Tectonic units

• GEMERIKUM100%SR 13 %

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Tectonic division

• Paleo-Alpine tectonic units of the Inner Western Carpathians100%SR 16 %

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Neotectonic units

• positive unit (mountain range)100%SR 60 %

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Direction of neotectonic movements

• large uplift100%SR 26 %

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Regional geological division

• Gemer Belt100%SR 5.9 %

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Regional geological division (subunits)

• Slovak Paradise100%SR 0.7 %

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Engineering-geological districts

• region of mountain-stream deposits100%SR 21 %

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Engineering-geological formations

• formation of Quaternary sediments100%SR 71 %

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Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas100%SR 95 %

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The map covers 2 of 2 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Basic volcanic rocks100%SR 6.6 %

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Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody100%SR 6.4 %

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Type of permeability (basic hydrogeological map 1:50,000)

• intergranular100%SR 86 %

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Hydrogeological function

• aquifer100%SR 95 %

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Main hydrogeological region

• Paleozoic of the Slovak Ore Mountains in the Hornád basin50%SR 2.1 %
• Mesozoic of the Slovak Paradise and Raven Hills with the adjacent Paleozoic50%SR 0.0 %

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Genetic type of groundwater

• fluviogenic50%SR 6.4 %
• potamogenic and carbonate-silicate50%SR 0.0 %

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Chemical type of groundwater

• Ca-Mg-Na-HCO3-SO450%SR 4.5 %
• Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO450%SR 0.8 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Groundwater quality class

• A100%SR 36 %

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Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–Mg–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• MagnesiumMg13.4 mg/lpercentile 44
• SulphatesSO433.7 mg/lpercentile 40
• BicarbonatesHCO3176 mg/lpercentile 38
• CalciumCa51.4 mg/lpercentile 37
• ChloridesCl4.51 mg/lpercentile 31
• FluoridesF0.0712 mg/lpercentile 25
• PotassiumK0.889 mg/lpercentile 9
• SodiumNa2.15 mg/lpercentile 6

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• PhosphatesPO40.445 mg/lpercentile 78
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK2.64 mg/lpercentile 36
• AmmoniumNH40.0565 mg/lpercentile 29
• NitratesNO33.65 mg/lpercentile 23

Metals

• AluminiumAl103 μg/lpercentile 62
• ManganeseMn17.1 μg/lpercentile 34
• ZincZn3.65 μg/lpercentile 26
• IronFe0.0350 mg/lpercentile 13

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• ArsenicAs112 mg/kgpercentile 96
• SeleniumSe0.693 mg/kgpercentile 94
• BismuthBi0.626 mg/kgpercentile 93
• MercuryHg0.493 mg/kgpercentile 90
• CopperCu47.7 mg/kgpercentile 88
• AntimonySb2.38 mg/kgpercentile 85
• NickelNi36.3 mg/kgpercentile 84
• TinSn3.71 mg/kgpercentile 78
• MolybdenumMo0.569 mg/kgpercentile 77
• CadmiumCd0.332 mg/kgpercentile 75
• CobaltCo10.0 mg/kgpercentile 72
• LeadPb20.4 mg/kgpercentile 71
• ZincZn108 mg/kgpercentile 61
• ChromiumCr78.0 mg/kgpercentile 59
• VanadiumV61.6 mg/kgpercentile 33

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.07 %percentile 9
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU1.69 ppm4th percentile
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh4.23 ppm3th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1373,090 Bq/m²percentile 87

Radon risk by isopleths

• high100%SR 0.1 %

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Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)440–1 267m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units822m a.s.l.
• Average slope17.9°
• Average January temperature-5.8°C
• Average July temperature14.8°C
• Annual precipitation950mm

Geomorphological units

• Volovec Mountains50%SR 2.8 %
• Spiš–Gemer Karst50%SR 0.0 %

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Geomorphological regions

• Slovak Ore Mountains100%SR 10 %

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Climatic-geographical types

• mountain climate100%SR 33 %

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Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils weakly susceptible to acidification100%SR 5.2 %

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Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A100%SR 45 %

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Lithogeochemical types

• Mesozoic of the Bradl zone and the central Western Carpathians100%SR 10 %

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Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• LeadPbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 7.00 μg/lmedian 3.25 μg/l10 samples50 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Hnilec1992, 720 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 5.60 μg/lmedian 3.35 μg/l10 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Hnilec1993, 70 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 94 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsslightly elevated
  highest 2.70 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l10 samples40 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Hnilec1992, 200 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 81 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLislightly elevated
  highest 10.0 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l10 samples60 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Dedinky1998, 140 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdslightly elevated
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l6 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Hnilec, 200 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCutypical value
  highest 2.00 μg/lmedian 1.35 μg/l10 samples40 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Dedinky1998, 140 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 66 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBatypical value
  highest 50.0 μg/lmedian 30.0 μg/l10 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Stratená1998, 100 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 60 of all samples in Slovakia.

• StrontiumSrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 160 μg/lmedian 105 μg/l6 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Dedinky – stred obce1992, 490 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 47 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l6 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Hnilec1992, 200 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l10 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Hnilec1992, 200 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 37 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2below half of Slovakia
  highest 6.62 mg/lmedian 3.08 mg/l6 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Hnilec1992, 200 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 24 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Barite (BaSO₄)6 samples, at most 55 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)6 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)6 samples, at most 315 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)6 samples, at most 555 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)6 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)6 samples, at most 55 grains
• Chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂)1 sample, at most 25 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)1 sample, at most 5 grains

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Epidot (Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH))6 samples, at most 315 grains
• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)6 samples, at most 315 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)6 samples, at most 315 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)5 samples, at most 15 grains
• Korund (Al₂O₃)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Amfiboly (Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Spinel (Cr-spinel) ((Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)₂O₄)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Staurolit (Fe₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH))1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)1 sample, at most 5 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Chemical water types nearby

• Ca-Mg-HCO39×
• Ca-HCO37×
• Ca-HCO3-SO42×
• Ca-Mg-SO4-HCO31×
• Ca-SO4-HCO31×
• Mg-Ca-HCO3-SO41×

Water quality class according to the hydrogeochemical map

• class A11×
• class B5×
• class E3×
• class H1×
• class C1×

Metals in groundwater

• AntimonySbextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 61.0 μg/lmedian 0.200 μg/l14 samples36 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: štôlňa1992, 2.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.130 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l14 samples64 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 3.30 μg/lmedian 0.375 μg/l14 samples50 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 94 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 2.00 μg/lmedian 0.750 μg/l14 samples50 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsslightly elevated
  highest 1.80 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l14 samples79 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 510 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 87 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLitypical value
  highest 11.0 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l14 samples71 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: štôlňa1992, 2.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 61 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCutypical value
  highest 1.30 μg/lmedian 0.325 μg/l14 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: štôlňa1992, 2.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 60 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l11 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: štôlňa1992, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l14 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: štôlňa1992, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 47 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHgbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.100 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l14 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: štôlňa1992, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l14 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: štôlňa1992, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 39 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 13.0 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l14 samples29 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.3 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 37 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

What was mined here (according to the register of old mine workings)

• Fe179×
• Cu120×
• Ni72×
• Co71×
• Ag6×
• Sg2×

Types of mining objects

• adit141×
• spoil heap63×
• other type of object26×
• pinge (mining subsidence pit), line of pinge pits18×
• shaft2×

Nearest old mine workings

Deposits and mining areas

Ore occurrences in the metallogenic map

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

84 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 4 hydrogeological and 80 other; with an archive report number 84.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m44×
• 10–30 m1×
• 30–100 m5×
• 100–300 m29×
• over 300 m2×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Environmental burdens

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides3×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny3×

Current state

• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova3×