VN Sigord

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium100%SR 72 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary100%

Most common rock units

Tectonic division

• NEOALPÍNSKE TEKTONICKÉ ŠTRUKTÚRY ZÁPADNÝCH KARPÁT100%SR 84 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Neotectonic units

• positive unit (lowland hills)100%SR 14 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Direction of neotectonic movements

• medium uplift100%SR 32 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division

• neovolcanic rocks100%SR 10 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division (subunits)

• neovolcanic rocks of the Slanské vrchy100%SR 1.2 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

The map covers 1 of 1 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Main hydrogeological region

• neovolcanic rocks of the Slanské vrchy100%SR 1.7 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geothermal groundwater bodies

• Košice Basin100%SR 4.8 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–Mg–HCO₃–SO₄

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• SulphatesSO470.4 mg/lpercentile 76
• FluoridesF0.168 mg/lpercentile 72
• SodiumNa12.9 mg/lpercentile 65
• PotassiumK3.10 mg/lpercentile 52
• ChloridesCl6.85 mg/lpercentile 43
• MagnesiumMg11.2 mg/lpercentile 36
• CalciumCa36.4 mg/lpercentile 24
• BicarbonatesHCO3106 mg/lpercentile 20

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• Chemical oxygen demandChSK2.33 mg/lpercentile 28
• PhosphatesPO40.0452 mg/lpercentile 25
• NitratesNO31.74 mg/lpercentile 5
• AmmoniumNH40.0257 mg/lpercentile 3

Metals

• ZincZn31.5 μg/lpercentile 93
• AluminiumAl415 μg/lpercentile 93
• ManganeseMn196 μg/lpercentile 90
• IronFe0.193 mg/lpercentile 74

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• MercuryHg1.88 mg/kgpercentile 95
• CadmiumCd0.900 mg/kgpercentile 92
• ArsenicAs17.3 mg/kgpercentile 88
• ZincZn165 mg/kgpercentile 84
• AntimonySb2.07 mg/kgpercentile 83
• VanadiumV90.3 mg/kgpercentile 83
• TinSn3.66 mg/kgpercentile 77
• BismuthBi0.315 mg/kgpercentile 76
• CobaltCo10.4 mg/kgpercentile 75
• LeadPb16.9 mg/kgpercentile 57
• CopperCu19.5 mg/kgpercentile 31
• MolybdenumMo0.282 mg/kgpercentile 30
• SeleniumSe0.156 mg/kgpercentile 26
• ChromiumCr56.9 mg/kgpercentile 26
• NickelNi18.6 mg/kgpercentile 24

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU3.07 ppm85th percentile
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh8.84 ppm82th percentile
• Potassium (K)K1.29 %percentile 45

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1372,493 Bq/m²percentile 81

Radon risk by isopleths

• low100%SR 36 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

Geothermal groundwater bodies beneath the water line

• Košice Basin100%SR 4.8 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Average January temperature-3.8°C
• Average July temperature17.8°C
• Annual precipitation700mm

Climatic-geographical types

• basin climate100%SR 29 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A100%SR 45 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• AntimonySbelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 1.50 μg/lmedian 1.50 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malá Delna, pod nádržou1992, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsslightly elevated
  highest 3.40 μg/lmedian 3.40 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malá Delna, pod nádržou1992, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 86 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdslightly elevated
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malá Delna, pod nádržou, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCubelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.20 μg/lmedian 1.20 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malá Delna, pod nádržou1992, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 48 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malá Delna, pod nádržou1992, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• StrontiumSrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 150 μg/lmedian 150 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malá Delna, pod nádržou1992, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 44 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 2.50 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malá Delna, pod nádržou1992, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 43 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLibelow half of Slovakia
  highest 5.00 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malá Delna, pod nádržou1992, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 34 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malá Delna, pod nádržou1992, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 32 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBabelow half of Slovakia
  highest 20.0 μg/lmedian 20.0 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malá Delna, pod nádržou1992, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 23 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2elevated (top 10 %)
  highest 32.8 mg/lmedian 32.8 mg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malá Delna, pod nádržou1992, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)12 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)12 samples, at most 815 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)12 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Cinabarit (HgS)9 samples, at most 50 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)6 samples, at most 5 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)5 samples, at most 5 grains
• Barite (BaSO₄)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Gold (Au)2 samples, at most 3 grains
• Antimonite (Sb₂S₃)1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂)1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Kasiterit (SnO₂)1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Monazit ((Ce,La,Nd)PO₄)1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Scheelit (CaWO₄)1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)1 sample, at most 55 grains

Nearest samples with gold

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)12 samples, at most 815 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)12 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)12 samples, at most 315 grains
• Apatit (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH))3 samples, at most 5 grains
• Korund (Al₂O₃)1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Staurolit (Fe₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH))1 sample, at most 5 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Metals in groundwater

• CopperCuextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 34.2 μg/lmedian 1.48 μg/l10 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 1.44 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l10 samples60 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 1.90 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l10 samples80 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHghigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.300 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l10 samples90 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: vrt1992, 850 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAshigh (top 5 %)
  highest 5.80 μg/lmedian 0.950 μg/l10 samples50 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: vrt1992, 850 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 3.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l10 samples70 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 1.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLielevated (top 10 %)
  highest 39.0 μg/lmedian 6.50 μg/l10 samples10 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 92 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 2.10 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l10 samples60 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 3.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnslightly elevated
  highest 213 μg/lmedian 54.5 μg/l10 samples10 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 79 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l3 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l10 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 3.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 47 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l10 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 3.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 39 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

Ore occurrences in the metallogenic map

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

52 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 23 hydrogeological and 29 other; with an archive report number 50.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m21×
• 10–30 m19×
• 30–100 m2×
• 100–300 m8×
• over 300 m2×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides14×
• Block fields2×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny11×
• Stabilizovaný3×
• Aktívny2×

Current state

• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova5×
• SD prebraná z archívnych materiálov (existuje inž. geologick4×
• Insufficiently documented3×
• Processed only in the scope of registration on a scale of 1:25,0001×