VN Zbojné

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium100%SR 72 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary100%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover3.5m

• 2 – 5100%SR 48 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Tectonic units

• ŠUPINOVÁ ZÓNA MIKOVÁ – SNINA100%SR 1.4 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Tectonic division

• NEOALPÍNSKE TEKTONICKÉ ŠTRUKTÚRY ZÁPADNÝCH KARPÁT100%SR 84 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Neotectonic units

• positive unit (mountain range)100%SR 60 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Direction of neotectonic movements

• medium uplift100%SR 32 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division

• flysch belt100%SR 9.6 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division (subunits)

• Dukla–Bukovec flysch100%SR 1.8 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas100%SR 95 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

The map covers 1 of 1 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Sandstones100%SR 15 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Sandstones)100%SR 15 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Main hydrogeological region

• Paleogene and Quaternary of the Laborca Povodia to Brekov and the Mesozoic of the Humen Mountains100%SR 3.0 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• CalciumCa67.7 mg/lpercentile 56
• SodiumNa9.14 mg/lpercentile 50
• BicarbonatesHCO3210 mg/lpercentile 49
• FluoridesF0.108 mg/lpercentile 47
• PotassiumK2.54 mg/lpercentile 42
• MagnesiumMg11.1 mg/lpercentile 36
• SulphatesSO430.6 mg/lpercentile 35
• ChloridesCl4.31 mg/lpercentile 30

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• AmmoniumNH40.0620 mg/lpercentile 31
• PhosphatesPO40.0167 mg/lpercentile 5
• NitratesNO31.72 mg/lpercentile 5
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK0.506 mg/lpercentile 1

Metals

• IronFe0.0971 mg/lpercentile 48
• ZincZn3.54 μg/lpercentile 25
• AluminiumAl25.8 μg/lpercentile 25
• ManganeseMn7.75 μg/lpercentile 15

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• NickelNi34.2 mg/kgpercentile 80
• SeleniumSe0.402 mg/kgpercentile 78
• MolybdenumMo0.538 mg/kgpercentile 74
• CopperCu26.9 mg/kgpercentile 63
• ChromiumCr77.6 mg/kgpercentile 59
• VanadiumV71.1 mg/kgpercentile 56
• AntimonySb0.609 mg/kgpercentile 47
• CadmiumCd0.170 mg/kgpercentile 46
• CobaltCo8.00 mg/kgpercentile 43
• ArsenicAs5.77 mg/kgpercentile 38
• ZincZn85.8 mg/kgpercentile 38
• LeadPb12.9 mg/kgpercentile 32
• MercuryHg0.0627 mg/kgpercentile 23
• TinSn1.96 mg/kgpercentile 19
• BismuthBi0.0666 mg/kgpercentile 2

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.40 %percentile 72
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh8.10 ppm70th percentile
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.50 ppm40th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1371,365 Bq/m²percentile 42

Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

• Rock temperature at 1,000 m depth45°C
• Surface heat flow density75mW/m²

Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)166–902m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units440m a.s.l.
• Average slope12.8°
• Average January temperature-3.5°C
• Average July temperature18.5°C
• Annual precipitation700mm

Geomorphological units

• Laborec Highlands100%SR 1.7 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geomorphological regions

• Nízke Beskydy100%SR 7.5 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Climatic-geographical types

• mountain climate100%SR 33 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A100%SR 45 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• BariumBaslightly elevated
  highest 64.0 μg/lmedian 64.0 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Výrava2009, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Výrava2009, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 2.50 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Výrava2009, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 43 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLibelow half of Slovakia
  highest 5.00 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Výrava2009, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 34 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Výrava2009, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 32 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.150 μg/lmedian 0.150 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Výrava, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 26 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCubelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Výrava2009, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 22 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Výrava2009, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 22 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2below half of Slovakia
  highest 6.73 mg/lmedian 6.73 mg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Výrava2009, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 24 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Barite (BaSO₄)9 samples, at most 815 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)6 samples, at most 815 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)5 samples, at most 5 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)5 samples, at most 815 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)2 samples, at most 55 grains
• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)2 samples, at most 315 grains
• Monazit ((Ce,La,Nd)PO₄)2 samples, at most 5 grains

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Spinel (Cr-spinel) ((Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)₂O₄)7 samples, at most 55 grains
• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)5 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)5 samples, at most 315 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)5 samples, at most 315 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)5 samples, at most 815 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Metals in groundwater

• ChromiumCrextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 120 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l9 samples56 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 1.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 0.720 mg/lmedian 0.0100 mg/l9 samples33 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.2 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 8.20 μg/lmedian 0.900 μg/l9 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLielevated (top 10 %)
  highest 37.0 μg/lmedian 21.0 μg/l9 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 630 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnslightly elevated
  highest 187 μg/lmedian 17.0 μg/l9 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.2 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 78 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbslightly elevated
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l9 samples89 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l3 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 630 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l9 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 47 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHgbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.100 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l9 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.100 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l9 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 40 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l9 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 39 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l9 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 38 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

73 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 2 hydrogeological and 71 other; with an archive report number 71.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m60×
• 10–30 m11×
• 30–100 m1×
• 100–300 m1×
• over 300 m0×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides27×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny27×

Current state

• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova22×
• SD zaregistrovaná v rámci terénneho výskumu na úlohe Atlas S5×