VN Závadka nad Hronom

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

Quaternary cover

• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover3.5m

• 2 – 5100%SR 48 %

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Tectonic division

• NEOALPÍNSKE TEKTONICKÉ ŠTRUKTÚRY ZÁPADNÝCH KARPÁT100%SR 84 %

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Neotectonic units

• negative unit (intermountain basins)100%SR 14 %

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Direction of neotectonic movements

• medium subsidence100%SR 6.8 %

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Regional geological division

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene100%SR 11 %

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Regional geological division (subunits)

• Paleogene of Horehronské podolia100%SR 0.0 %

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Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas100%SR 95 %

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The map covers 0 of 1 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Sand100%SR 3.9 %

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Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Sand)100%SR 2.4 %

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Main hydrogeological region

• Paleozoic and younger formations of the Horné Hron basin after Pieske100%SR 1.4 %

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Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• ChloridesCl4.10 mg/lpercentile 28
• CalciumCa28.5 mg/lpercentile 18
• FluoridesF0.0611 mg/lpercentile 17
• BicarbonatesHCO392.1 mg/lpercentile 16
• MagnesiumMg5.94 mg/lpercentile 15
• SodiumNa3.21 mg/lpercentile 14
• SulphatesSO419.0 mg/lpercentile 14
• PotassiumK0.755 mg/lpercentile 7

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• Chemical oxygen demandChSK3.03 mg/lpercentile 46
• NitratesNO34.44 mg/lpercentile 32
• PhosphatesPO40.0317 mg/lpercentile 18
• AmmoniumNH40.0347 mg/lpercentile 15

Metals

• AluminiumAl99.3 μg/lpercentile 61
• ManganeseMn18.1 μg/lpercentile 36
• ZincZn2.43 μg/lpercentile 16
• IronFe0.0209 mg/lpercentile 4

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• VanadiumV91.6 mg/kgpercentile 84
• MolybdenumMo0.635 mg/kgpercentile 83
• BismuthBi0.368 mg/kgpercentile 82
• TinSn3.98 mg/kgpercentile 81
• AntimonySb1.57 mg/kgpercentile 80
• CadmiumCd0.348 mg/kgpercentile 76
• CobaltCo10.3 mg/kgpercentile 75
• LeadPb19.6 mg/kgpercentile 69
• SeleniumSe0.329 mg/kgpercentile 68
• NickelNi27.9 mg/kgpercentile 64
• ChromiumCr78.7 mg/kgpercentile 60
• MercuryHg0.116 mg/kgpercentile 56
• CopperCu24.1 mg/kgpercentile 52
• ZincZn96.8 mg/kgpercentile 51
• ArsenicAs6.57 mg/kgpercentile 49

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.43 %percentile 77
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.71 ppm66th percentile
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh7.33 ppm50th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS137899 Bq/m²percentile 13

Radon risk by isopleths

• medium100%SR 64 %

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Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

• Rock temperature at 1,000 m depth25°C

Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)515–1 047m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units724m a.s.l.
• Average slope7.4°
• Average January temperature-5.3°C
• Average July temperature15.3°C
• Annual precipitation755mm

Geomorphological units

• Horehronie Valley100%SR 1.2 %

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Geomorphological regions

• Fatra–Tatra area100%SR 21 %

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Climatic-geographical types

• basin climate100%SR 29 %

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Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• naturally acidic soils100%SR 8.5 %

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Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)5 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)5 samples, at most 1250 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)5 samples, at most 815 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)4 samples, at most 12 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)4 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)4 samples, at most 450 grains
• Scheelit (CaWO₄)2 samples, at most 7 grains
• Monazit ((Ce,La,Nd)PO₄)1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Barite (BaSO₄)1 sample, at most 1 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)1 sample, at most 5 grains

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Amfiboly (Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂)5 samples, at most 312 grains
• Epidot (Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH))5 samples, at most 500 grains
• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)5 samples, at most 815 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)5 samples, at most 815 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)5 samples, at most 375 grains
• Apatit (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH))3 samples, at most 43 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)1 sample, at most 12 grains
• Titanit (CaTiSiO₅)1 sample, at most 968 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Metals in groundwater

• ChromiumCrextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 18.0 μg/lmedian 0.600 μg/l10 samples40 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 1.3 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHgextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 1.70 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l10 samples90 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.1 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.800 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l10 samples70 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.1 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 6.60 μg/lmedian 1.40 μg/l10 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.1 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAselevated (top 10 %)
  highest 3.30 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l10 samples90 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1991, 2.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 93 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSeslightly elevated
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l10 samples90 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1991, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 83 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlslightly elevated
  highest 0.0200 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l10 samples70 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1991, 2.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 80 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZntypical value
  highest 78.0 μg/lmedian 11.0 μg/l10 samples10 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.1 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 64 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLitypical value
  highest 8.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l10 samples70 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 920 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 53 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l4 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1991, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.100 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l10 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1991, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 40 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l10 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1991, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 30 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

8 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 3 hydrogeological and 5 other; with an archive report number 8.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m3×
• 10–30 m0×
• 30–100 m0×
• 100–300 m3×
• over 300 m2×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Environmental burdens

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides2×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny2×

Current state

• Processed only in the scope of registration on a scale of 1:25,0001×
• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova1×