Derivačný kanál Váhu

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium86%SR 72 %
• Young sediments14%SR 8.6 %

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River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary100%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover6.7m

• 5 – 1080%SR 20 %
• 2 – 520%SR 48 %

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Tectonic division

• NEOALPÍNSKE TEKTONICKÉ ŠTRUKTÚRY ZÁPADNÝCH KARPÁT100%SR 84 %

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Neotectonic units

• negative unit (intermountain basins)83%SR 14 %
• positive unit (mountain range)17%SR 60 %

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Direction of neotectonic movements

• small subsidence50%SR 8.8 %
• medium subsidence33%SR 6.8 %
• large uplift17%SR 26 %

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Regional geological division

• intramontane basins83%SR 44 %
• core mountains17%SR 11 %

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Regional geological division (subunits)

• inner basins83%SR 4.5 %
• Veľká Fatra17%SR 1.5 %

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Engineering-geological districts

• region of lowland-stream deposits83%SR 20 %
• region of proluvial cones and mantles17%SR 2.7 %

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Engineering-geological formations

• formation of Quaternary sediments100%SR 71 %

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Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas86%SR 95 %
• Region of potentially unstable areas14%SR 4.4 %

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The map covers 7 of 7 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Gravel80%SR 52 %
• Acid plutonic rocks20%SR 3.7 %

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Aquifer type

• Zvodnence s prevažne medzizrnovým typom priepustnosti (prevažne nespevnené sedimenty) (Gravel; Fluviálne)80%SR 27 %
• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody20%SR 3.7 %

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Type of permeability (basic hydrogeological map 1:50,000)

• intergranular100%SR 86 %

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Hydrogeological function

• aquifer100%SR 95 %

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Main hydrogeological region

• Paleogene, Neogene and the Quaternary of the Turčianska Basin71%SR 1.4 %
• Mesozoic and crystalline basement of Kriváň Fatra14%SR 0.0 %
• Mesozoic of the northern part of Veľká Fatra14%SR 0.0 %

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Genetic type of groundwater

• silicate-carbonate groundwater100%SR 6.9 %

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Chemical type of groundwater

• Ca-HCO3, or Ca-Mg-HCO3 type80%SR 4.2 %
• Ca-Mg-HCO3 typ20%SR 5.5 %

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Groundwater quality class

• A75%SR 36 %
• B25%SR 18 %

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Geothermal groundwater bodies

• Turiec Basin100%SR 3.3 %

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Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–Mg–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• FluoridesF0.130 mg/lpercentile 58
• ChloridesCl4.88 mg/lpercentile 33
• SulphatesSO425.5 mg/lpercentile 27
• MagnesiumMg7.90 mg/lpercentile 23
• SodiumNa4.45 mg/lpercentile 23
• CalciumCa33.7 mg/lpercentile 22
• BicarbonatesHCO3106 mg/lpercentile 20
• PotassiumK0.915 mg/lpercentile 9

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• NitratesNO39.08 mg/lpercentile 69
• PhosphatesPO40.0386 mg/lpercentile 22
• AmmoniumNH40.0430 mg/lpercentile 21
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK1.91 mg/lpercentile 17

Metals

• AluminiumAl143 μg/lpercentile 70
• IronFe0.123 mg/lpercentile 57
• ZincZn6.40 μg/lpercentile 48
• ManganeseMn11.4 μg/lpercentile 24

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• SeleniumSe0.517 mg/kgpercentile 87
• CadmiumCd0.405 mg/kgpercentile 81
• BismuthBi0.332 mg/kgpercentile 78
• MercuryHg0.224 mg/kgpercentile 77
• ArsenicAs10.3 mg/kgpercentile 76
• AntimonySb1.11 mg/kgpercentile 74
• LeadPb20.8 mg/kgpercentile 72
• CopperCu30.1 mg/kgpercentile 71
• MolybdenumMo0.442 mg/kgpercentile 61
• TinSn2.94 mg/kgpercentile 61
• ZincZn106 mg/kgpercentile 59
• ChromiumCr73.6 mg/kgpercentile 52
• CobaltCo8.24 mg/kgpercentile 47
• NickelNi23.6 mg/kgpercentile 46
• VanadiumV60.8 mg/kgpercentile 31

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.33 %percentile 61
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.61 ppm56th percentile
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh6.77 ppm26th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1371,692 Bq/m²percentile 59

Radon risk by isopleths

• low100%SR 36 %

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Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

Geothermal groundwater bodies beneath the water line

• Turiec Basin100%SR 3.3 %

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Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)52–1 475m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units473m a.s.l.
• Average slope4.2°
• Average January temperature-4.3°C
• Average July temperature17.1°C
• Annual precipitation713mm

Geomorphological units

• Turiec Basin86%SR 1.7 %
• Malá Fatra14%SR 0.0 %

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Geomorphological regions

• Fatra–Tatra area100%SR 21 %

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Climatic-geographical types

• basin climate100%SR 29 %

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Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• naturally acidic soils50%SR 8.5 %
• soils not susceptible to acidification50%SR 27 %

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Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A57%SR 45 %
• relatively clean soil43%SR 53 %

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Lithogeochemical types

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene75%SR 11 %
• Neogene25%SR 48 %

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Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• ArsenicAshigh (top 5 %)
  highest 11.7 μg/lmedian 1.70 μg/l12 samples25 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Turany, 1150m J od K4801993, 460 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBaelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 110 μg/lmedian 70.0 μg/l12 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Lipovec, 800m JV od K6841993, 380 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 92 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbslightly elevated
  highest 1.20 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l11 samples91 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Váh1993, 190 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 85 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuslightly elevated
  highest 3.50 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l12 samples67 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Váh1993, 190 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 83 of all samples in Slovakia.

• StrontiumSrslightly elevated
  highest 370 μg/lmedian 80.0 μg/l11 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Turany, 450m JZ od K4801993, 330 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 80 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLislightly elevated
  highest 11.0 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l12 samples92 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Turany, 450m JZ od K4801993, 330 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 76 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdslightly elevated
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l12 samples8 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Váh, 190 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l12 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Váh1993, 190 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 2.50 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l12 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Váh1993, 190 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 43 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l12 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Váh1993, 190 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 32 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2slightly elevated
  highest 22.7 mg/lmedian 11.5 mg/l12 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Kubalov, potok1993, 340 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 80 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)17 samples, at most 55 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)16 samples, at most 55 grains
• Barite (BaSO₄)15 samples, at most 315 grains
• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)10 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Monazit ((Ce,La,Nd)PO₄)9 samples, at most 55 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)9 samples, at most 315 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)8 samples, at most 815 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)7 samples, at most 55 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)5 samples, at most 55 grains
• Scheelit (CaWO₄)4 samples, at most 5 grains
• Arsenopyrite (FeAsS)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Kasiterit (SnO₂)1 sample, at most 1 grains

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)18 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)16 samples, at most 315 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)13 samples, at most 55 grains
• Apatit (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH))8 samples, at most 315 grains
• Epidot (Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH))7 samples, at most 55 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)6 samples, at most 5 grains
• Amfiboly (Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂)6 samples, at most 55 grains
• Korund (Al₂O₃)4 samples, at most 5 grains
• Kyanit (Al₂SiO₅)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Sillimanit (Al₂SiO₅)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Spinel (Cr-spinel) ((Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)₂O₄)1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Staurolit (Fe₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH))1 sample, at most 5 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Chemical water types nearby

• Ca-HCO376×
• Ca-Mg-HCO37×
• Ca-(Mg)-HCO32×
• Ca-NO3-HCO31×
• Ca-Cl-SO41×
• Ca-Cl-HCO31×
• Ca-SO4-HCO31×
• Ca-HCO3-SO41×

Water quality class according to the hydrogeochemical map

• class A27×
• class H15×
• class G14×
• class C10×
• class B10×
• class D10×
• class E3×
• class F2×

Metals in groundwater

• CopperCuextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 29.5 μg/lmedian 0.425 μg/l42 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: vrt1992, 1.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 18.0 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l42 samples57 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: vrt1992, 1.1 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 0.630 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l42 samples69 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHgextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 1.10 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l42 samples79 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 18.0 μg/lmedian 1.20 μg/l42 samples48 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 810 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLihigh (top 5 %)
  highest 75.0 μg/lmedian 4.00 μg/l42 samples26 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: vrt1992, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSehigh (top 5 %)
  highest 2.80 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l42 samples76 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.900 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l42 samples76 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: vrt1992, 1.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 624 μg/lmedian 8.50 μg/l42 samples14 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 810 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrslightly elevated
  highest 1.60 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l42 samples79 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 85 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l30 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l42 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 47 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

What was mined here (according to the register of old mine workings)

• Fe3×

Types of mining objects

• other type of object3×
• tailings pond2×

Nearest old mine workings

Deposits and mining areas

Ore occurrences in the metallogenic map

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

412 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 116 hydrogeological and 296 other; with an archive report number 412.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m130×
• 10–30 m255×
• 30–100 m10×
• 100–300 m4×
• over 300 m0×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Environmental burdens

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides72×
• Slope flows2×
• Block fissures2×
• Block fields1×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny59×
• Aktívny10×
• Stabilizovaný6×
• With stabilised and potential forms1×
• With potential and active forms1×

Current state

• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova50×
• Processed only in the scope of registration on a scale of 1:25,00021×
• SD prebraná z archívnych materiálov (existuje inž. geologick1×
• SD zaregistrovaná v rámci terénneho výskumu na úlohe Atlas S1×