VN Horné Orešany

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium100%SR 72 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary100%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• deluvial sediments100%SR 16 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Tectonic units

• FATRIKUM100%SR 14 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Tectonic division

• Paleo-Alpine tectonic units of the Inner Western Carpathians100%SR 16 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division

• core mountains100%SR 11 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division (subunits)

• Malé Karpaty100%SR 1.4 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas100%SR 95 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

The map covers 1 of 1 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Sandstones100%SR 15 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Sandstones)100%SR 15 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Type of permeability (basic hydrogeological map 1:50,000)

• intergranular100%SR 86 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Hydrogeological function

• aquifer100%SR 95 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Main hydrogeological region

• crystalline and Mesozoic of the southeastern part of the Pezinok Carpathians100%SR 0.0 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Genetic type of groundwater

• silicate-carbonate to polygenic100%SR 1.1 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Groundwater quality class

• A100%SR 36 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–Mg–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• BicarbonatesHCO3323 mg/lpercentile 82
• CalciumCa92.9 mg/lpercentile 82
• MagnesiumMg22.0 mg/lpercentile 71
• SulphatesSO453.1 mg/lpercentile 64
• FluoridesF0.124 mg/lpercentile 55
• ChloridesCl5.50 mg/lpercentile 37
• SodiumNa5.06 mg/lpercentile 28
• PotassiumK1.83 mg/lpercentile 28

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• NitratesNO313.1 mg/lpercentile 82
• AmmoniumNH40.0962 mg/lpercentile 45
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK2.77 mg/lpercentile 40
• PhosphatesPO40.0383 mg/lpercentile 21

Metals

• ZincZn16.9 μg/lpercentile 82
• ManganeseMn38.2 μg/lpercentile 55
• AluminiumAl31.5 μg/lpercentile 30
• IronFe0.0270 mg/lpercentile 8

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• BismuthBi0.245 mg/kgpercentile 60
• CobaltCo8.19 mg/kgpercentile 46
• SeleniumSe0.220 mg/kgpercentile 43
• CadmiumCd0.156 mg/kgpercentile 43
• LeadPb14.3 mg/kgpercentile 42
• ZincZn89.2 mg/kgpercentile 42
• NickelNi21.9 mg/kgpercentile 36
• CopperCu19.3 mg/kgpercentile 30
• AntimonySb0.425 mg/kgpercentile 27
• ArsenicAs4.94 mg/kgpercentile 24
• MercuryHg0.0609 mg/kgpercentile 22
• MolybdenumMo0.221 mg/kgpercentile 19
• ChromiumCr51.5 mg/kgpercentile 18
• VanadiumV52.9 mg/kgpercentile 14
• TinSn1.76 mg/kgpercentile 12

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.40 %percentile 72
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.61 ppm56th percentile
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh7.38 ppm52th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS137688 Bq/m²percentile 7

Radon risk by isopleths

• medium100%SR 64 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Average January temperature-3.5°C
• Average July temperature18.5°C
• Annual precipitation700mm

Climatic-geographical types

• mountain climate100%SR 33 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils susceptible to acidification100%SR 31 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• relatively clean soil100%SR 53 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Lithogeochemical types

• Mesozoic of the Bradl zone and the central Western Carpathians100%SR 10 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• CopperCuhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 13.7 μg/lmedian 3.20 μg/l4 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Smutná, potok1999, 910 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBaelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 127 μg/lmedian 84.5 μg/l4 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: pravostr. prítok r. Parná1999, 980 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAstypical value
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l4 samples75 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Smutná, potok1999, 910 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l4 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: ľovostr. prítok r. Parná, 100 m nad kúpaliskom1999, 560 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 2.50 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l4 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: ľovostr. prítok r. Parná, 100 m nad kúpaliskom1999, 560 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 43 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l4 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: ľovostr. prítok r. Parná, 100 m nad kúpaliskom1999, 560 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 37 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLibelow half of Slovakia
  highest 5.00 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l4 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: ľovostr. prítok r. Parná, 100 m nad kúpaliskom1999, 560 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 34 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l4 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: ľovostr. prítok r. Parná, 100 m nad kúpaliskom1999, 560 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 32 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.150 μg/lmedian 0.150 μg/l4 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: ľovostr. prítok r. Parná, 100 m nad kúpaliskom, 560 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 26 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2typical value
  highest 12.5 mg/lmedian 12.0 mg/l4 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: pravostr. prítok r. Parná1999, 980 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 57 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)10 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)10 samples, at most 815 grains
• Monazit ((Ce,La,Nd)PO₄)10 samples, at most 55 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)10 samples, at most 555 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)9 samples, at most 55 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)9 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)9 samples, at most 315 grains
• Barite (BaSO₄)8 samples, at most 315 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)8 samples, at most 5 grains
• Arsenopyrite (FeAsS)1 sample, at most 4 grains

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Epidot (Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH))10 samples, at most 315 grains
• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)10 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Staurolit (Fe₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH))10 samples, at most 815 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)10 samples, at most 315 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)10 samples, at most 315 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)9 samples, at most 55 grains
• Amfiboly (Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂)7 samples, at most 315 grains
• Korund (Al₂O₃)5 samples, at most 5 grains
• Spinel (Cr-spinel) ((Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)₂O₄)4 samples, at most 5 grains
• Sillimanit (Al₂SiO₅)4 samples, at most 5 grains
• Apatit (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH))3 samples, at most 5 grains
• Kyanit (Al₂SiO₅)2 samples, at most 5 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Chemical water types nearby

• Ca-HCO37×
• CaHCO35×
• CaMgHCO31×
• CaSO41×
• Ca-HCO41×

Water quality class according to the hydrogeochemical map

• class A6×
• class E4×
• class C1×
• class G1×
• class F1×
• class H1×
• class B1×

Metals in groundwater

• AluminiumAlextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 0.250 mg/lmedian 0.0100 mg/l17 samples12 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 9.20 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l17 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLihigh (top 5 %)
  highest 74.0 μg/lmedian 9.00 μg/l17 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAshigh (top 5 %)
  highest 4.80 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l17 samples53 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSeelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 2.20 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l17 samples94 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 93 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l17 samples94 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 92 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 624 μg/lmedian 16.0 μg/l17 samples12 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrslightly elevated
  highest 1.20 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l17 samples82 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.3 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 80 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbslightly elevated
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l17 samples82 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.1 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l5 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l17 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 47 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHgbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.100 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l17 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

Types of mining objects

• other type of object1×

Nearest old mine workings

Deposits and mining areas

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

52 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 24 hydrogeological and 28 other; with an archive report number 38.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m24×
• 10–30 m8×
• 30–100 m8×
• 100–300 m4×
• over 300 m8×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Environmental burdens

Waste landfills