Slavkovský potok (Sabinov)

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• Young sediments67%SR 8.6 %
• River alluvium17%SR 72 %
• Flysch17%SR 4.7 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Young sediments: Young unconsolidated sediments; fine material easily washes into the stream during rain.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary83%
• Paleogene17%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• fluvial sediments of floodplains75%SR 68 %
• deluvial sediments25%SR 16 %

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• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover3.7m

• 2 – 571%SR 48 %
• 5 – 1014%SR 20 %
• 0 – 214%SR 16 %

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Tectonic division

• NEOALPÍNSKE TEKTONICKÉ ŠTRUKTÚRY ZÁPADNÝCH KARPÁT100%SR 84 %

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Neotectonic units

• positive unit (mountain range)100%SR 60 %

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Direction of neotectonic movements

• very small uplift100%SR 6.4 %

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Regional geological division

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene100%SR 11 %

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Regional geological division (subunits)

• Spiš–Šariš Paleogene100%SR 5.8 %

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Engineering-geological districts

• region of colluvial sediments50%SR 1.8 %
• region of mountain-stream deposits25%SR 21 %
• region of sandstone-conglomerate rocks25%SR 3.4 %

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Engineering-geological formations

• formation of Quaternary sediments75%SR 71 %
• flysch formation25%SR 13 %

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Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas57%SR 95 %
• Region of potentially unstable areas43%SR 4.4 %

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The map covers 6 of 8 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Sandstones75%SR 15 %
• Gravel25%SR 52 %

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Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Sandstones)75%SR 15 %
• Zvodnence s prevažne medzizrnovým typom priepustnosti (prevažne nespevnené sedimenty) (Gravel; Fluviálne)25%SR 27 %

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Type of permeability (basic hydrogeological map 1:50,000)

• fissure83%SR 12 %
• intergranular17%SR 86 %

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Hydrogeological function

• aquifer100%SR 95 %

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Main hydrogeological region

• Paleogene Levočské vrchy100%SR 1.2 %

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Geothermal groundwater bodies

• Levoča Basin – NE part50%SR 5.0 %
• Levoča Basin – W and S part50%SR 9.5 %

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Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–Mg–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• BicarbonatesHCO3263 mg/lpercentile 67
• MagnesiumMg19.1 mg/lpercentile 63
• CalciumCa69.2 mg/lpercentile 57
• SulphatesSO445.8 mg/lpercentile 57
• PotassiumK2.61 mg/lpercentile 43
• SodiumNa7.30 mg/lpercentile 42
• FluoridesF0.0991 mg/lpercentile 41
• ChloridesCl5.09 mg/lpercentile 35

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• Chemical oxygen demandChSK2.77 mg/lpercentile 40
• AmmoniumNH40.0385 mg/lpercentile 18
• PhosphatesPO40.0275 mg/lpercentile 16
• NitratesNO31.99 mg/lpercentile 7

Metals

• ZincZn23.9 μg/lpercentile 90
• AluminiumAl160 μg/lpercentile 73
• IronFe0.0963 mg/lpercentile 47
• ManganeseMn23.9 μg/lpercentile 44

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• ChromiumCr112 mg/kgpercentile 87
• SeleniumSe0.313 mg/kgpercentile 65
• MolybdenumMo0.443 mg/kgpercentile 61
• NickelNi24.8 mg/kgpercentile 51
• AntimonySb0.647 mg/kgpercentile 51
• CadmiumCd0.140 mg/kgpercentile 38
• TinSn2.35 mg/kgpercentile 37
• ArsenicAs5.14 mg/kgpercentile 28
• MercuryHg0.0654 mg/kgpercentile 25
• BismuthBi0.142 mg/kgpercentile 19
• CopperCu16.1 mg/kgpercentile 15
• LeadPb10.3 mg/kgpercentile 15
• CobaltCo5.74 mg/kgpercentile 13
• VanadiumV52.0 mg/kgpercentile 12
• ZincZn59.8 mg/kgpercentile 8

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.40 %percentile 72
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh6.86 ppm29th percentile
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.37 ppm26th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1371,331 Bq/m²percentile 40

Radon risk by isopleths

• medium71%SR 64 %
• low29%SR 36 %

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Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

• Rock temperature at 2,000 m depth65°C
• Surface heat flow density65mW/m²

Geothermal groundwater bodies beneath the water line

• Levoča Basin – NE part50%SR 5.0 %
• Levoča Basin – W and S part50%SR 9.5 %

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Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)243–987m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units645m a.s.l.
• Average slope11.1°
• Average January temperature-5.5°C
• Average July temperature15.3°C
• Annual precipitation886mm

Geomorphological units

• Levoča Hills71%SR 1.1 %
• Spiš–Šariš Intermountain Area29%SR 0.0 %

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Geomorphological regions

• Podhôľne–Magura area100%SR 4.5 %

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Climatic-geographical types

• mountain climate71%SR 33 %
• basin climate29%SR 29 %

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Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils moderately susceptible to acidification67%SR 25 %
• soils susceptible to acidification33%SR 31 %

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Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A100%SR 45 %

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Lithogeochemical types

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene100%SR 11 %

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Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• CadmiumCdextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 2.40 μg/lmedian 1.20 μg/l5 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Ordzovany, 830 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 4.00 μg/lmedian 4.00 μg/l10 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Ordzovany2002, 120 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuslightly elevated
  highest 4.00 μg/lmedian 2.00 μg/l10 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Ordzovany2002, 120 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 86 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbslightly elevated
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l10 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Ordzovany2002, 120 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 82 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLislightly elevated
  highest 10.0 μg/lmedian 10.0 μg/l10 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Ordzovany2002, 120 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBatypical value
  highest 50.0 μg/lmedian 30.0 μg/l10 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Brutovce2003, 90 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 60 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAstypical value
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l9 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Ordzovany2002, 120 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Barite (BaSO₄)44 samples, at most 315 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)20 samples, at most 55 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)19 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)16 samples, at most 315 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)16 samples, at most 315 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)15 samples, at most 815 grains
• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)11 samples, at most 315 grains
• Monazit ((Ce,La,Nd)PO₄)4 samples, at most 5 grains
• Markazit (FeS₂)4 samples, at most 55 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)3 samples, at most 55 grains
• Gold (Au)2 samples, at most 2 grains
• Kasiterit (SnO₂)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Cinabarit (HgS)1 sample, at most 5 grains

Nearest samples with gold

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Spinel (Cr-spinel) ((Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)₂O₄)73 samples, at most 815 grains
• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)19 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)17 samples, at most 55 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)16 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Epidot (Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH))6 samples, at most 5 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)4 samples, at most 55 grains
• Staurolit (Fe₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH))2 samples, at most 5 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Metals in groundwater

• MercuryHgextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 0.600 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l39 samples97 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 5.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l39 samples64 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 40 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSehigh (top 5 %)
  highest 3.20 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l39 samples85 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.700 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l39 samples97 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: vrt1992, 2.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLislightly elevated
  highest 32.0 μg/lmedian 13.0 μg/l39 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 89 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuslightly elevated
  highest 2.80 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l39 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.3 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 82 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsslightly elevated
  highest 1.20 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l39 samples90 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 82 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnslightly elevated
  highest 192 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l39 samples64 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 78 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlslightly elevated
  highest 0.0100 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l39 samples95 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrtypical value
  highest 0.700 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l39 samples92 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 72 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l38 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.3 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.100 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l39 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.3 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 40 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

Deposits and mining areas

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

280 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 90 hydrogeological and 190 other; with an archive report number 280.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m132×
• 10–30 m136×
• 30–100 m1×
• 100–300 m8×
• over 300 m2×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides54×
• Block fields3×
• Slope flows1×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny40×
• Stabilizovaný10×
• Aktívny8×

Current state

• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova26×
• SD zaregistrovaná v rámci terénneho výskumu na úlohe Atlas S19×
• Processed only in the scope of registration on a scale of 1:25,0004×
• SD prebraná z archívnych materiálov (existuje inž. geologick4×