Žehrica

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium67%SR 72 %
• Flysch33%SR 4.7 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary67%
• Paleogene33%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• deluvial sediments60%SR 16 %
• fluvial sediments of floodplains40%SR 68 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover3.1m

• 2 – 583%SR 48 %
• 0 – 217%SR 16 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Tectonic division

• NEOALPÍNSKE TEKTONICKÉ ŠTRUKTÚRY ZÁPADNÝCH KARPÁT100%SR 84 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Neotectonic units

• positive unit (mountain range)60%SR 60 %
• negative unit (intermountain basins)40%SR 14 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Direction of neotectonic movements

• very small uplift60%SR 6.4 %
• small subsidence40%SR 8.8 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene100%SR 11 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division (subunits)

• Spiš–Šariš Paleogene100%SR 5.8 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Engineering-geological districts

• region of mountain-stream deposits67%SR 21 %
• region of sandstone-conglomerate rocks33%SR 3.4 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Engineering-geological formations

• formation of Quaternary sediments67%SR 71 %
• flysch formation33%SR 13 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas83%SR 95 %
• Region of potentially unstable areas17%SR 4.4 %

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The map covers 3 of 6 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Sandstones83%SR 15 %
• Gravel17%SR 52 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Sandstones)83%SR 15 %
• Zvodnence s prevažne medzizrnovým typom priepustnosti (prevažne nespevnené sedimenty) (Gravel; Fluviálne)17%SR 27 %

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Type of permeability (basic hydrogeological map 1:50,000)

• intergranular75%SR 86 %
• fissure25%SR 12 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Hydrogeological function

• aquifer100%SR 95 %

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Main hydrogeological region

• Paleogene Hornádská and part of the Poprad basin100%SR 1.4 %

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Genetic type of groundwater

• fluviogenic100%SR 6.4 %

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Chemical type of groundwater

• Ca-Mg-Na-HCO3-SO4100%SR 4.5 %

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Groundwater quality class

• E100%SR 6.5 %

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Geothermal groundwater bodies

• Levoča Basin – W and S part100%SR 9.5 %

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Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–Mg–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• PotassiumK6.08 mg/lpercentile 81
• MagnesiumMg25.7 mg/lpercentile 79
• BicarbonatesHCO3302 mg/lpercentile 77
• CalciumCa83.0 mg/lpercentile 73
• SulphatesSO463.9 mg/lpercentile 72
• ChloridesCl20.0 mg/lpercentile 69
• SodiumNa11.3 mg/lpercentile 59
• FluoridesF0.128 mg/lpercentile 57

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• PhosphatesPO40.223 mg/lpercentile 62
• NitratesNO37.44 mg/lpercentile 59
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK3.12 mg/lpercentile 48
• AmmoniumNH40.0296 mg/lpercentile 10

Metals

• AluminiumAl462 μg/lpercentile 94
• ManganeseMn48.3 μg/lpercentile 61
• ZincZn8.46 μg/lpercentile 59
• IronFe0.0468 mg/lpercentile 20

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• MercuryHg2.74 mg/kgpercentile 95
• TinSn6.37 mg/kgpercentile 95
• CopperCu53.3 mg/kgpercentile 90
• ChromiumCr117 mg/kgpercentile 88
• AntimonySb3.23 mg/kgpercentile 87
• SeleniumSe0.392 mg/kgpercentile 76
• NickelNi30.9 mg/kgpercentile 73
• ArsenicAs9.23 mg/kgpercentile 72
• BismuthBi0.276 mg/kgpercentile 68
• ZincZn118 mg/kgpercentile 68
• MolybdenumMo0.455 mg/kgpercentile 63
• CadmiumCd0.176 mg/kgpercentile 48
• LeadPb14.7 mg/kgpercentile 45
• VanadiumV61.2 mg/kgpercentile 32
• CobaltCo6.61 mg/kgpercentile 21

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.42 %percentile 75
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.64 ppm58th percentile
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh7.12 ppm41th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1371,170 Bq/m²percentile 29

Radon risk by isopleths

• medium100%SR 64 %

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Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

Geothermal groundwater bodies beneath the water line

• Levoča Basin – W and S part100%SR 9.5 %

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Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)367–987m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units569m a.s.l.
• Average slope9.0°
• Average January temperature-4.5°C
• Average July temperature16.8°C
• Annual precipitation719mm

Geomorphological units

• Hornád Basin67%SR 0.0 %
• Levoča Hills33%SR 1.1 %

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Geomorphological regions

• Fatra–Tatra area67%SR 21 %
• Podhôľne–Magura area33%SR 4.5 %

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Climatic-geographical types

• basin climate100%SR 29 %

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Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils susceptible to acidification100%SR 31 %

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Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A100%SR 45 %

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Lithogeochemical types

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene80%SR 11 %
• Neogene20%SR 48 %

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Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• SeleniumSeextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 2.90 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l18 samples89 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Branisko, potok1992, 70 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLiextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 93.0 μg/lmedian 17.5 μg/l18 samples11 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Branisko, potok1992, 30 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 6.80 μg/lmedian 4.50 μg/l18 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Branisko, potok1992, 150 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBaelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 110 μg/lmedian 80.0 μg/l18 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Branisko, potok1992, 150 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 92 of all samples in Slovakia.

• StrontiumSrelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 550 μg/lmedian 280 μg/l18 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Branisko, potok1992, 30 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 92 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 2.50 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l18 samples78 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Hornád1992, 400 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 92 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAselevated (top 10 %)
  highest 4.50 μg/lmedian 1.40 μg/l18 samples39 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Hornád1992, 400 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuslightly elevated
  highest 3.00 μg/lmedian 1.20 μg/l18 samples39 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: 200m J od obce Polanovce1993, 90 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 79 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdslightly elevated
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l18 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Hornád, 400 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 2.50 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l18 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Hornád1992, 400 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 43 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2typical value
  highest 15.4 mg/lmedian 11.8 mg/l18 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Branisko, potok1992, 140 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 66 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Barite (BaSO₄)31 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)25 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Cinabarit (HgS)7 samples, at most 50 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)6 samples, at most 55 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)6 samples, at most 315 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)6 samples, at most 815 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)6 samples, at most 815 grains
• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)5 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)3 samples, at most 55 grains
• Monazit ((Ce,La,Nd)PO₄)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Scheelit (CaWO₄)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Gold (Au)1 sample, at most 1 grains
• Markazit (FeS₂)1 sample, at most 315 grains

Nearest samples with gold

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Spinel (Cr-spinel) ((Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)₂O₄)35 samples, at most 1115 grains
• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)6 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)6 samples, at most 55 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)6 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Epidot (Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH))2 samples, at most 55 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)2 samples, at most 55 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Chemical water types nearby

• Ca-Mg-HCO35×
• Ca-Mg-SO4-HCO34×
• Mg-Ca-HCO32×
• Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO41×
• Na-Mg-SO4-HCO3-Cl1×

Water quality class according to the hydrogeochemical map

• class A5×
• class C2×
• class G2×
• class E2×
• class H1×
• class D1×

Metals in groundwater

• SeleniumSeextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 10.0 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l49 samples94 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 190 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 0.420 mg/lmedian 0.0100 mg/l49 samples39 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 6.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l49 samples24 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 690 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLihigh (top 5 %)
  highest 87.0 μg/lmedian 24.0 μg/l49 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 190 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 1.10 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l49 samples96 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 1.90 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l49 samples65 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.1 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHghigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.300 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l49 samples94 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.1 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 5.70 μg/lmedian 0.600 μg/l49 samples45 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAshigh (top 5 %)
  highest 4.60 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l49 samples78 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.2 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 4.90 μg/lmedian 0.900 μg/l49 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 640 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 93 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 526 μg/lmedian 17.0 μg/l49 samples16 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l15 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

Types of mining objects

• spoil heap2×

Nearest old mine workings

Deposits and mining areas

Ore occurrences in the metallogenic map

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

95 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 48 hydrogeological and 47 other; with an archive report number 95.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m52×
• 10–30 m17×
• 30–100 m17×
• 100–300 m7×
• over 300 m1×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Environmental burdens

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides10×
• Tearing and loosening of the rock massif3×
• Block fields3×

Degree of activity

• Stabilizovaný8×
• Potenciálny5×
• Aktívny3×

Current state

• SD zaregistrovaná v rámci terénneho výskumu na úlohe Atlas S4×
• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova3×
• SD prebraná z archívnych materiálov (existuje inž. geologick2×