Vernársky potok

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium100%SR 72 %

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River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary100%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• fluvial sediments of floodplains100%SR 68 %

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• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover1.0m

• 0 – 2100%SR 16 %

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Tectonic units

• HRONIKUM100%SR 8.1 %

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Tectonic division

• Paleo-Alpine tectonic units of the Inner Western Carpathians67%SR 16 %
• NEOALPÍNSKE TEKTONICKÉ ŠTRUKTÚRY ZÁPADNÝCH KARPÁT33%SR 84 %

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Neotectonic units

• positive unit (mountain range)83%SR 60 %
• negative unit (intermountain basins)17%SR 14 %

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Direction of neotectonic movements

• large uplift67%SR 26 %
• medium uplift17%SR 32 %
• medium subsidence17%SR 6.8 %

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Regional geological division

• Gemer Belt80%SR 5.9 %
• Vepor Belt20%SR 6.4 %

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Regional geological division (subunits)

• Slovak Paradise80%SR 0.7 %
• Kozie chrbty (Vikartovce Ridge)20%SR 0.6 %

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Engineering-geological districts

• region of dolomitic rocks50%SR 0.8 %
• region of mountain-stream deposits25%SR 21 %
• region of flyschoid rocks25%SR 5.4 %

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Engineering-geological formations

• limestone-dolomite formation50%SR 1.5 %
• formation of Quaternary sediments25%SR 71 %
• formation of epimetamorphic rocks25%SR 2.2 %

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Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas100%SR 95 %

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The map covers 1 of 6 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Sandstones100%SR 15 %

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Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Sandstones)100%SR 15 %

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Type of permeability (basic hydrogeological map 1:50,000)

• fissure100%SR 12 %

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Hydrogeological function

• aquifer100%SR 95 %

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Main hydrogeological region

• Paleogene Hornádská and part of the Poprad basin100%SR 1.4 %

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Genetic type of groundwater

• carbonate50%SR 0.0 %
• carbonate-silicate50%SR 0.0 %

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Chemical type of groundwater

• Ca-(Mg)-HCO3100%SR 1.7 %

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Groundwater quality class

• A75%SR 36 %
• C25%SR 4.3 %

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Geothermal groundwater bodies

• Levoča Basin – W and S part100%SR 9.5 %

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Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–Mg–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• MagnesiumMg20.8 mg/lpercentile 68
• SulphatesSO446.2 mg/lpercentile 57
• BicarbonatesHCO3188 mg/lpercentile 42
• CalciumCa50.7 mg/lpercentile 36
• FluoridesF0.0872 mg/lpercentile 34
• ChloridesCl4.60 mg/lpercentile 31
• PotassiumK1.02 mg/lpercentile 11
• SodiumNa2.41 mg/lpercentile 8

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• PhosphatesPO40.0835 mg/lpercentile 40
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK2.29 mg/lpercentile 27
• NitratesNO33.09 mg/lpercentile 17
• AmmoniumNH40.0281 mg/lpercentile 8

Metals

• AluminiumAl310 μg/lpercentile 89
• ZincZn7.20 μg/lpercentile 53
• IronFe0.0877 mg/lpercentile 44
• ManganeseMn9.56 μg/lpercentile 20

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• SeleniumSe0.505 mg/kgpercentile 87
• MolybdenumMo0.453 mg/kgpercentile 62
• ArsenicAs7.70 mg/kgpercentile 62
• AntimonySb0.700 mg/kgpercentile 55
• LeadPb14.3 mg/kgpercentile 42
• CadmiumCd0.122 mg/kgpercentile 33
• BismuthBi0.177 mg/kgpercentile 33
• TinSn2.24 mg/kgpercentile 32
• MercuryHg0.0699 mg/kgpercentile 29
• ZincZn72.5 mg/kgpercentile 22
• NickelNi15.0 mg/kgpercentile 12
• CopperCu14.2 mg/kgpercentile 9
• VanadiumV46.1 mg/kgpercentile 6
• ChromiumCr37.0 mg/kgpercentile 6
• CobaltCo3.64 mg/kgpercentile 4

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.22 ppm16th percentile
• Potassium (K)K0.825 %percentile 4
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh4.41 ppm4th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1372,648 Bq/m²percentile 83

Radon risk by isopleths

• medium100%SR 64 %

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Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

Geothermal groundwater bodies beneath the water line

• Levoča Basin – W and S part100%SR 9.5 %

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Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)459–1 553m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units873m a.s.l.
• Average slope16.2°
• Average January temperature-5.4°C
• Average July temperature15.3°C
• Annual precipitation875mm

Geomorphological units

• Spiš–Gemer Karst67%SR 0.0 %
• Hornád Basin17%SR 0.0 %
• Nízke Tatras17%SR 1.4 %

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Geomorphological regions

• Slovak Ore Mountains67%SR 10 %
• Fatra–Tatra area33%SR 21 %

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Climatic-geographical types

• mountain climate67%SR 33 %
• basin climate33%SR 29 %

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Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils not susceptible to acidification75%SR 27 %
• soils moderately susceptible to acidification25%SR 25 %

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Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A100%SR 45 %

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Lithogeochemical types

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene100%SR 11 %

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Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• LeadPbextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 12.0 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l22 samples95 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: HORNAD2005, 140 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• StrontiumSrhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 1,060 μg/lmedian 220 μg/l21 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Vernársky potok1993, 40 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 98 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 8.80 μg/lmedian 4.75 μg/l22 samples23 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Vernársky potok1992, 60 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBahigh (top 5 %)
  highest 150 μg/lmedian 20.0 μg/l21 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: 1200m SV od stredu obce Hranovnica1993, 460 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSehigh (top 5 %)
  highest 1.10 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l21 samples95 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: 1200m SV od stredu obce Hranovnica1993, 460 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 9.20 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l22 samples64 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: HORNAD2005, 140 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLielevated (top 10 %)
  highest 31.0 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l21 samples62 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Vernárky, potok1992, 90 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdslightly elevated
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l22 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: 1500 m S od K1186 Javorina, 60 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAstypical value
  highest 1.50 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l21 samples95 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: 150m V od okraja obce Hranovnica1992, 540 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 63 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l21 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: 1500 m S od K1186 Javorina1992, 60 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 37 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2below half of Slovakia
  highest 9.98 mg/lmedian 6.77 mg/l21 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: 150m V od okraja obce Hranovnica1992, 540 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 47 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)114 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)105 samples, at most 950 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)104 samples, at most 1115 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)91 samples, at most 815 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)90 samples, at most 1115 grains
• Barite (BaSO₄)86 samples, at most 815 grains
• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)46 samples, at most 2406 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)25 samples, at most 55 grains
• Monazit ((Ce,La,Nd)PO₄)17 samples, at most 15 grains
• Cinabarit (HgS)5 samples, at most 2 grains
• Chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂)3 samples, at most 1 grains
• Scheelit (CaWO₄)1 sample, at most 1 grains

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)115 samples, at most 815 grains
• Epidot (Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH))108 samples, at most 815 grains
• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)99 samples, at most 555 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)67 samples, at most 315 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)54 samples, at most 18 grains
• Amfiboly (Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂)33 samples, at most 31 grains
• Apatit (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH))31 samples, at most 93 grains
• Korund (Al₂O₃)9 samples, at most 50 grains
• Spinel (Cr-spinel) ((Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)₂O₄)8 samples, at most 15 grains
• Titanit (CaTiSiO₅)5 samples, at most 685 grains
• Staurolit (Fe₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH))5 samples, at most 12 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Chemical water types nearby

• Ca-Mg-HCO319×
• Ca-HCO38×
• Ca-HCO3-SO44×
• Ca-Mg-SO4-HCO34×
• Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO43×
• Ca-Mg-HCO3-NO31×

Water quality class according to the hydrogeochemical map

• class A34×
• class B2×
• class C2×
• class D1×

Metals in groundwater

• AluminiumAlhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.160 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l35 samples60 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 490 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 6.80 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l35 samples57 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 560 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAshigh (top 5 %)
  highest 4.40 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l35 samples91 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 3.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l35 samples29 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.1 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSehigh (top 5 %)
  highest 2.50 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l35 samples94 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 1.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 3.90 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l35 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 0.400 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l35 samples80 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 380 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLislightly elevated
  highest 29.0 μg/lmedian 2.00 μg/l35 samples49 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 740 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 86 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnslightly elevated
  highest 231 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l35 samples43 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 380 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 80 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l18 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l35 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 47 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHgbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.100 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l35 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

What was mined here (according to the register of old mine workings)

• Fe15×
• Cu7×
• Ag4×
• Pb3×
• U1×

Types of mining objects

• adit11×
• pinge (mining subsidence pit), line of pinge pits9×
• other type of object1×

Nearest old mine workings

Deposits and mining areas

Ore occurrences in the metallogenic map

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

207 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 8 hydrogeological and 199 other; with an archive report number 207.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m35×
• 10–30 m7×
• 30–100 m74×
• 100–300 m84×
• over 300 m7×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides5×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny5×

Current state

• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova3×
• SD zaregistrovaná v rámci terénneho výskumu na úlohe Atlas S2×