Galovanská zátoka

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium100%SR 72 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary100%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• fluvial sediments of floodplains100%SR 68 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover7.5m

• 5 – 10100%SR 20 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Tectonic division

• NEOALPÍNSKE TEKTONICKÉ ŠTRUKTÚRY ZÁPADNÝCH KARPÁT100%SR 84 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Neotectonic units

• negative unit (intermountain basins)100%SR 14 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Direction of neotectonic movements

• medium subsidence100%SR 6.8 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene100%SR 11 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division (subunits)

• Liptov Basin100%SR 1.7 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Engineering-geological districts

• region of mountain-stream deposits100%SR 21 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Engineering-geological formations

• formation of Quaternary sediments100%SR 71 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas100%SR 95 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

The map covers 1 of 1 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Main hydrogeological region

• Paleogene and Quaternary of the western and central parts of the Liptovská Kotlina100%SR 1.1 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geothermal groundwater bodies

• Liptov Basin100%SR 3.7 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• BicarbonatesHCO3174 mg/lpercentile 38
• CalciumCa48.3 mg/lpercentile 34
• MagnesiumMg9.94 mg/lpercentile 32
• ChloridesCl4.59 mg/lpercentile 31
• PotassiumK1.88 mg/lpercentile 29
• SodiumNa4.78 mg/lpercentile 26
• FluoridesF0.0702 mg/lpercentile 24
• SulphatesSO422.1 mg/lpercentile 20

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• Chemical oxygen demandChSK3.43 mg/lpercentile 56
• PhosphatesPO40.0921 mg/lpercentile 41
• AmmoniumNH40.0592 mg/lpercentile 30
• NitratesNO33.46 mg/lpercentile 21

Metals

• IronFe0.166 mg/lpercentile 69
• ZincZn7.02 μg/lpercentile 52
• ManganeseMn18.8 μg/lpercentile 37
• AluminiumAl38.4 μg/lpercentile 36

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• AntimonySb104 mg/kgpercentile 95
• MolybdenumMo0.737 mg/kgpercentile 88
• ArsenicAs18.1 mg/kgpercentile 88
• LeadPb20.7 mg/kgpercentile 72
• ChromiumCr88.4 mg/kgpercentile 72
• SeleniumSe0.345 mg/kgpercentile 70
• CadmiumCd0.270 mg/kgpercentile 67
• TinSn3.05 mg/kgpercentile 64
• BismuthBi0.210 mg/kgpercentile 48
• ZincZn89.6 mg/kgpercentile 43
• NickelNi22.9 mg/kgpercentile 42
• VanadiumV63.6 mg/kgpercentile 39
• CopperCu19.3 mg/kgpercentile 30
• CobaltCo6.16 mg/kgpercentile 17
• MercuryHg0.0337 mg/kgpercentile 5

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.43 %percentile 77
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.48 ppm38th percentile
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh6.67 ppm23th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1371,698 Bq/m²percentile 59

Radon risk by isopleths

• medium100%SR 64 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

• Rock temperature at 2,000 m depth65°C
• Surface heat flow density65mW/m²

Geothermal groundwater bodies beneath the water line

• Liptov Basin100%SR 3.7 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)154–897m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units615m a.s.l.
• Average slope1.8°
• Average January temperature-4.8°C
• Average July temperature16.5°C
• Annual precipitation725mm

Geomorphological units

• Sub-Tatra Basin100%SR 3.9 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geomorphological regions

• Fatra–Tatra area100%SR 21 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Climatic-geographical types

• basin climate100%SR 29 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils susceptible to acidification100%SR 31 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• relatively clean soil100%SR 53 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Lithogeochemical types

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene100%SR 11 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• ArsenicAselevated (top 10 %)
  highest 6.00 μg/lmedian 6.00 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Paludžanka2010, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLislightly elevated
  highest 10.0 μg/lmedian 10.0 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Paludžanka2010, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBatypical value
  highest 50.0 μg/lmedian 50.0 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Paludžanka2010, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 60 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Paludžanka2010, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 2.50 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Paludžanka2010, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 43 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Paludžanka2010, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 32 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.150 μg/lmedian 0.150 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Paludžanka, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 26 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCubelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Paludžanka2010, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 22 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2below half of Slovakia
  highest 6.17 mg/lmedian 6.17 mg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Paludžanka2010, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 21 of all samples in Slovakia.

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Metals in groundwater

• AntimonySbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 3.10 μg/lmedian 0.300 μg/l6 samples33 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSehigh (top 5 %)
  highest 5.40 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l6 samples83 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 98 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHghigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.200 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l6 samples67 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLielevated (top 10 %)
  highest 44.0 μg/lmedian 18.0 μg/l6 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 620 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 93 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 0.0500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l6 samples67 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 2.20 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l6 samples67 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAselevated (top 10 %)
  highest 2.30 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l6 samples83 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuslightly elevated
  highest 2.00 μg/lmedian 1.45 μg/l6 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 76 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbslightly elevated
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l6 samples33 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l5 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l6 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 47 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 13.0 μg/lmedian 5.50 μg/l6 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 37 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

Deposits and mining areas

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

101 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 11 hydrogeological and 90 other; with an archive report number 101.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m87×
• 10–30 m12×
• 30–100 m1×
• 100–300 m0×
• over 300 m0×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides33×
• Slope flows1×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny23×
• Stabilizovaný9×
• Aktívny2×

Current state

• Processed only in the scope of registration on a scale of 1:25,00019×
• SD prebraná z archívnych materiálov (existuje inž. geologick4×