VN Liptovská Mara

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• Other rocks67%SR 4.1 %
• River alluvium33%SR 72 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geological age of the rocks

• water67%
• Quaternary33%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• fluvial sediments of floodplains100%SR 68 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover7.5m

• 5 – 10100%SR 20 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Tectonic division

• NEOALPÍNSKE TEKTONICKÉ ŠTRUKTÚRY ZÁPADNÝCH KARPÁT100%SR 84 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Neotectonic units

• negative unit (intermountain basins)100%SR 14 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Direction of neotectonic movements

• medium subsidence100%SR 6.8 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene100%SR 11 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division (subunits)

• Liptov Basin100%SR 1.7 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Engineering-geological districts

• water body100%SR 4.8 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas67%SR 95 %
• Region of potentially unstable areas33%SR 4.4 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

The map covers 3 of 3 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer type

• ;;100%SR 0.5 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Main hydrogeological region

• Paleogene and Quaternary of the western and central parts of the Liptovská Kotlina100%SR 1.1 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geothermal groundwater bodies

• Liptov Basin100%SR 3.7 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• FluoridesF0.107 mg/lpercentile 46
• BicarbonatesHCO3182 mg/lpercentile 40
• CalciumCa52.1 mg/lpercentile 37
• MagnesiumMg10.1 mg/lpercentile 32
• PotassiumK1.98 mg/lpercentile 31
• ChloridesCl4.37 mg/lpercentile 30
• SodiumNa4.47 mg/lpercentile 24
• SulphatesSO423.2 mg/lpercentile 22

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• Chemical oxygen demandChSK4.00 mg/lpercentile 67
• PhosphatesPO40.108 mg/lpercentile 45
• AmmoniumNH40.0584 mg/lpercentile 30
• NitratesNO33.63 mg/lpercentile 23

Metals

• IronFe0.141 mg/lpercentile 63
• ZincZn6.41 μg/lpercentile 48
• ManganeseMn17.9 μg/lpercentile 36
• AluminiumAl38.4 μg/lpercentile 35

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• AntimonySb40.9 mg/kgpercentile 95
• MolybdenumMo0.708 mg/kgpercentile 87
• ArsenicAs11.9 mg/kgpercentile 81
• ChromiumCr97.7 mg/kgpercentile 80
• SeleniumSe0.411 mg/kgpercentile 79
• CadmiumCd0.254 mg/kgpercentile 65
• TinSn2.95 mg/kgpercentile 61
• NickelNi24.8 mg/kgpercentile 51
• CopperCu23.5 mg/kgpercentile 50
• BismuthBi0.208 mg/kgpercentile 46
• ZincZn91.7 mg/kgpercentile 45
• VanadiumV64.7 mg/kgpercentile 42
• LeadPb13.5 mg/kgpercentile 37
• CobaltCo6.73 mg/kgpercentile 23
• MercuryHg0.0527 mg/kgpercentile 15

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.51 %percentile 85
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh7.06 ppm38th percentile
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.44 ppm31th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1371,392 Bq/m²percentile 43

Radon risk by isopleths

• medium67%SR 64 %
• low33%SR 36 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

Geothermal groundwater bodies beneath the water line

• Liptov Basin100%SR 3.7 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)154–897m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units615m a.s.l.
• Average slope1.8°
• Average January temperature-4.8°C
• Average July temperature16.5°C
• Annual precipitation725mm

Geomorphological units

• Sub-Tatra Basin100%SR 3.9 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geomorphological regions

• Fatra–Tatra area100%SR 21 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Climatic-geographical types

• basin climate100%SR 29 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils susceptible to acidification100%SR 31 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• relatively clean soil67%SR 53 %
• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A33%SR 45 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Lithogeochemical types

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene100%SR 11 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• ArsenicAstypical value
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Mútnik2010, 400 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Mútnik2010, 400 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 2.50 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Mútnik2010, 400 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 43 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLibelow half of Slovakia
  highest 5.00 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Mútnik2010, 400 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 34 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Mútnik2010, 400 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 32 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.150 μg/lmedian 0.150 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Mútnik, 400 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 26 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCubelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Mútnik2010, 400 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 22 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBabelow half of Slovakia
  highest 15.0 μg/lmedian 15.0 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Mútnik2010, 400 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 17 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2below half of Slovakia
  highest 5.83 mg/lmedian 5.83 mg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Mútnik2010, 400 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 18 of all samples in Slovakia.

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Metals in groundwater

• LithiumLiextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 606 μg/lmedian 16.0 μg/l22 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 440 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 100 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 20.0 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l22 samples41 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 420 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHgextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l22 samples55 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 440 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 13.0 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l22 samples86 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 3.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 6.20 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l22 samples64 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.2 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSehigh (top 5 %)
  highest 4.60 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l22 samples77 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 8.40 μg/lmedian 1.60 μg/l22 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 0.0500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l22 samples91 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.3 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 2.20 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l22 samples36 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAselevated (top 10 %)
  highest 2.30 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l22 samples77 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.3 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZntypical value
  highest 121 μg/lmedian 5.50 μg/l22 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.2 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 74 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l17 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 3.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

Types of mining objects

• tailings pond1×

Nearest old mine workings

Deposits and mining areas

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

253 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 59 hydrogeological and 194 other; with an archive report number 253.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m197×
• 10–30 m45×
• 30–100 m2×
• 100–300 m0×
• over 300 m5×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Environmental burdens

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides74×
• Slope flows1×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny49×
• Stabilizovaný23×
• Aktívny3×

Current state

• Insufficiently documented21×
• Processed only in the scope of registration on a scale of 1:25,00020×
• SD prebraná z archívnych materiálov (existuje inž. geologick5×