Jakubianka

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium57%SR 72 %
• Flysch43%SR 4.7 %

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River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary57%
• Paleogene43%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• fluvial sediments of floodplains50%SR 68 %
• fluvial sediments of terraces25%SR 3.1 %
• proluvial sediments of terraced alluvial cones25%SR 2.5 %

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• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover1.0m

• 0 – 2100%SR 16 %

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Tectonic division

• NEOALPÍNSKE TEKTONICKÉ ŠTRUKTÚRY ZÁPADNÝCH KARPÁT100%SR 84 %

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Neotectonic units

• positive unit (mountain range)100%SR 60 %

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Direction of neotectonic movements

• medium uplift100%SR 32 %

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Regional geological division

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene100%SR 11 %

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Regional geological division (subunits)

• Spiš–Šariš Paleogene100%SR 5.8 %

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Engineering-geological districts

• region of sandstone-conglomerate rocks75%SR 3.4 %
• region of mountain-stream deposits25%SR 21 %

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Engineering-geological formations

• flysch formation75%SR 13 %
• formation of Quaternary sediments25%SR 71 %

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Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas67%SR 95 %
• Region of potentially unstable areas33%SR 4.4 %

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The map covers 7 of 8 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Sandstones71%SR 15 %
• Gravel29%SR 52 %

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Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Sandstones)71%SR 15 %
• Zvodnence s prevažne medzizrnovým typom priepustnosti (prevažne nespevnené sedimenty) (Gravel; Fluviálne)14%SR 27 %
• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Gravel)14%SR 22 %

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Type of permeability (basic hydrogeological map 1:50,000)

• intergranular63%SR 86 %
• fissure38%SR 12 %

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Hydrogeological function

• aquifer100%SR 95 %

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Main hydrogeological region

• Paleogene Levočské vrchy63%SR 1.2 %
• paleogén Spišskej Magury, Ľubovnianskej vrchoviny a severozápadnej časti Spišsko – šarišského medzihoria a Pi…38%SR 2.3 %

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Geothermal groundwater bodies

• Levoča Basin – NE part100%SR 5.0 %

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Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• FluoridesF0.0929 mg/lpercentile 37
• SulphatesSO425.3 mg/lpercentile 26
• CalciumCa34.3 mg/lpercentile 23
• BicarbonatesHCO3114 mg/lpercentile 22
• MagnesiumMg7.41 mg/lpercentile 22
• SodiumNa3.14 mg/lpercentile 13
• ChloridesCl2.37 mg/lpercentile 13
• PotassiumK1.10 mg/lpercentile 12

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• AmmoniumNH40.0657 mg/lpercentile 33
• PhosphatesPO40.0348 mg/lpercentile 20
• NitratesNO33.22 mg/lpercentile 19
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK1.55 mg/lpercentile 10

Metals

• ZincZn25.4 μg/lpercentile 91
• AluminiumAl61.0 μg/lpercentile 48
• IronFe0.0717 mg/lpercentile 35
• ManganeseMn12.4 μg/lpercentile 26

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• ChromiumCr106 mg/kgpercentile 85
• MolybdenumMo0.574 mg/kgpercentile 78
• NickelNi28.5 mg/kgpercentile 66
• AntimonySb0.808 mg/kgpercentile 63
• SeleniumSe0.299 mg/kgpercentile 62
• CadmiumCd0.229 mg/kgpercentile 59
• MercuryHg0.105 mg/kgpercentile 51
• BismuthBi0.215 mg/kgpercentile 50
• VanadiumV64.3 mg/kgpercentile 41
• ArsenicAs5.31 mg/kgpercentile 31
• ZincZn71.7 mg/kgpercentile 21
• TinSn1.98 mg/kgpercentile 20
• CobaltCo6.37 mg/kgpercentile 19
• LeadPb10.6 mg/kgpercentile 17
• CopperCu15.7 mg/kgpercentile 13

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.33 %percentile 60
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh6.40 ppm17th percentile
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.13 ppm12th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1371,560 Bq/m²percentile 53

Radon risk by isopleths

• medium100%SR 64 %

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Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

Geothermal groundwater bodies beneath the water line

• Levoča Basin – NE part100%SR 5.0 %

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Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)488–1 289m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units786m a.s.l.
• Average slope11.9°
• Average January temperature-5.6°C
• Average July temperature14.5°C
• Annual precipitation961mm

Geomorphological units

• Spiš–Šariš Intermountain Area50%SR 0.0 %
• Levoča Hills50%SR 1.1 %

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Geomorphological regions

• Podhôľne–Magura area100%SR 4.5 %

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Climatic-geographical types

• mountain climate57%SR 33 %
• basin climate43%SR 29 %

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Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• naturally acidic soils50%SR 8.5 %
• soils moderately susceptible to acidification33%SR 25 %
• soils not susceptible to acidification17%SR 27 %

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Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A100%SR 45 %

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Lithogeochemical types

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene86%SR 11 %
• Clayey-sandy sediments of the Cretaceous and Paleogene of the Klippen Belt, Tatricum and Hronicum14%SR 2.9 %

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Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• CadmiumCdhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.900 μg/lmedian 0.150 μg/l7 samples86 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Jakubany, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 5.00 μg/lmedian 4.00 μg/l11 samples45 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: potok Jakubianka2007, 30 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBaelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 113 μg/lmedian 14.0 μg/l11 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: potok Maslienka2007, 690 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 93 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbslightly elevated
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l11 samples55 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Jakubany2002, 100 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 82 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuslightly elevated
  highest 3.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l11 samples55 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Jakubany2002, 100 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 79 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLislightly elevated
  highest 10.0 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l11 samples55 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Jakubany2002, 100 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAstypical value
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l10 samples60 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Jakubany2002, 100 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l6 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: potok Jakubianka2007, 30 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l6 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: potok Jakubianka2007, 30 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 32 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2below half of Slovakia
  highest 7.24 mg/lmedian 6.14 mg/l6 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: potok Pasterník2007, 790 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 28 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Rutil (TiO₂)92 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)87 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)82 samples, at most 815 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)78 samples, at most 815 grains
• Barite (BaSO₄)75 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)39 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)36 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Monazit ((Ce,La,Nd)PO₄)34 samples, at most 55 grains
• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)23 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂)3 samples, at most 5 grains
• Gold (Au)2 samples, at most 2 grains
• Markazit (FeS₂)1 sample, at most 55 grains
• Kasiterit (SnO₂)1 sample, at most 5 grains

Nearest samples with gold

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Spinel (Cr-spinel) ((Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)₂O₄)124 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)92 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)92 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)91 samples, at most 815 grains
• Epidot (Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH))16 samples, at most 315 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)9 samples, at most 55 grains
• Staurolit (Fe₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH))5 samples, at most 55 grains
• Apatit (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH))5 samples, at most 5 grains
• Amfiboly (Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂)1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Titanit (CaTiSiO₅)1 sample, at most 202 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Chemical water types nearby

• Ca-HCO37×
• Ca-Mg-HCO37×
• Ca-SO4-HCO32×

Water quality class according to the hydrogeochemical map

• class A13×
• class B1×
• class E1×
• class D1×

Metals in groundwater

• AluminiumAlhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.190 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l49 samples78 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 150 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 98 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 7.40 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l49 samples69 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 9.00 μg/lmedian 0.800 μg/l49 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 3.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l49 samples69 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.3 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l49 samples84 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 92 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSeelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 1.90 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l49 samples96 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsslightly elevated
  highest 1.90 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l49 samples96 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 770 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 88 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLislightly elevated
  highest 17.0 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l49 samples10 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 800 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 76 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZntypical value
  highest 120 μg/lmedian 8.00 μg/l49 samples14 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 1.2 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 74 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l35 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l49 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 47 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHgbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.100 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l49 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

Deposits and mining areas

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

97 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 49 hydrogeological and 48 other; with an archive report number 97.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m56×
• 10–30 m19×
• 30–100 m5×
• 100–300 m5×
• over 300 m0×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Environmental burdens

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides124×
• Slope flows11×
• Block fields1×
• Block fields + landslides1×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny89×
• Stabilizovaný28×
• Aktívny18×
• With stabilised and potential forms2×

Current state

• SD prebraná z archívnych materiálov (existuje inž. geologick52×
• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova32×
• Processed only in the scope of registration on a scale of 1:25,00013×
• SD zaregistrovaná v rámci terénneho výskumu na úlohe Atlas S6×