Šibská voda

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium50%SR 72 %
• Sandstones and conglomerates25%SR 1.8 %
• Flysch25%SR 4.7 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary50%
• flysch50%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• fluvial sediments of floodplains67%SR 68 %
• deluvial sediments33%SR 16 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover2.7m

• 2 – 567%SR 48 %
• 0 – 233%SR 16 %

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Neotectonic units

• positive unit (mountain range)50%SR 60 %
• negative unit (intermountain basins)50%SR 14 %

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Direction of neotectonic movements

• medium uplift50%SR 32 %
• very small subsidence50%SR 7.3 %

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Regional geological division

• flysch belt100%SR 9.6 %

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Regional geological division (subunits)

• Čergov–Beskydy flysch100%SR 1.7 %

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Engineering-geological districts

• region of sandstone-conglomerate rocks67%SR 3.4 %
• region of flyschoid rocks33%SR 5.4 %

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Engineering-geological formations

• flysch formation100%SR 13 %

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Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas100%SR 95 %

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The map covers 4 of 6 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Gravel67%SR 52 %
• Sandstones33%SR 15 %

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Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Gravel)67%SR 22 %
• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Sandstones)33%SR 15 %

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Type of permeability (basic hydrogeological map 1:50,000)

• fissure100%SR 12 %

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Hydrogeological function

• aquifer100%SR 95 %

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Main hydrogeological region

• Paleogene of Čergov67%SR 1.4 %
• Paleogene of the Low Beskydy Mountains in the Tople Basin33%SR 1.5 %

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Genetic type of groundwater

• carbonate-silicatogenic groundwater100%SR 3.5 %

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Chemical type of groundwater

• Ca-Mg-HCO3 typ100%SR 5.5 %

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Groundwater quality class

• A100%SR 36 %

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Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• CalciumCa69.3 mg/lpercentile 58
• SodiumNa10.1 mg/lpercentile 54
• BicarbonatesHCO3225 mg/lpercentile 54
• PotassiumK3.12 mg/lpercentile 52
• ChloridesCl9.58 mg/lpercentile 52
• MagnesiumMg14.1 mg/lpercentile 46
• SulphatesSO436.2 mg/lpercentile 44
• FluoridesF0.0781 mg/lpercentile 29

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• NitratesNO330.0 mg/lpercentile 95
• PhosphatesPO40.0939 mg/lpercentile 42
• AmmoniumNH40.0516 mg/lpercentile 26
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK2.08 mg/lpercentile 22

Metals

• ManganeseMn21.8 μg/lpercentile 41
• IronFe0.0578 mg/lpercentile 27
• ZincZn1.13 μg/lpercentile 3
• AluminiumAl10.3 μg/lpercentile 1

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• ChromiumCr91.4 mg/kgpercentile 75
• CadmiumCd0.269 mg/kgpercentile 67
• NickelNi22.0 mg/kgpercentile 37
• BismuthBi0.181 mg/kgpercentile 35
• TinSn2.08 mg/kgpercentile 25
• SeleniumSe0.145 mg/kgpercentile 22
• LeadPb10.6 mg/kgpercentile 17
• CopperCu16.4 mg/kgpercentile 16
• MolybdenumMo0.185 mg/kgpercentile 13
• ZincZn64.0 mg/kgpercentile 12
• VanadiumV51.1 mg/kgpercentile 11
• AntimonySb0.292 mg/kgpercentile 10
• CobaltCo5.06 mg/kgpercentile 8
• MercuryHg0.0384 mg/kgpercentile 6
• ArsenicAs2.99 mg/kgpercentile 4

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.26 %percentile 33
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh6.36 ppm16th percentile
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.17 ppm13th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1371,069 Bq/m²percentile 22

Radon risk by isopleths

• low75%SR 36 %
• medium25%SR 64 %

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Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)130–749m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units336m a.s.l.
• Average slope7.9°
• Average January temperature-4.3°C
• Average July temperature17.0°C
• Annual precipitation783mm

Geomorphological units

• Ondava Highlands100%SR 4.4 %

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Geomorphological regions

• Nízke Beskydy100%SR 7.5 %

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Climatic-geographical types

• mountain climate67%SR 33 %
• basin climate33%SR 29 %

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Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils moderately susceptible to acidification100%SR 25 %

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Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A100%SR 45 %

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Lithogeochemical types

• Cretaceous and Paleogene of the Outer Carpathians100%SR 9.5 %

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Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• BariumBatypical value
  highest 62.0 μg/lmedian 56.0 μg/l3 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: bez mena2008, 60 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 73 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l3 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Šibská voda2008, 100 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 2.50 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l3 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Šibská voda2008, 100 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 43 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLibelow half of Slovakia
  highest 5.00 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l3 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Šibská voda2008, 100 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 34 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l3 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Šibská voda2008, 100 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 32 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.150 μg/lmedian 0.150 μg/l3 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Šibská voda, 100 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 26 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCubelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l3 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Šibská voda2008, 100 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 22 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l3 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Šibská voda2008, 100 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 22 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2below half of Slovakia
  highest 9.97 mg/lmedian 9.72 mg/l3 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Richvaldský potok2008, 790 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)64 samples, at most 815 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)63 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)57 samples, at most 815 grains
• Monazit ((Ce,La,Nd)PO₄)51 samples, at most 55 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)39 samples, at most 815 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)33 samples, at most 55 grains
• Sphalerite (ZnS)25 samples, at most 50 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)19 samples, at most 315 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)12 samples, at most 55 grains
• Gold (Au)12 samples, at most 2 grains
• Barite (BaSO₄)8 samples, at most 55 grains
• Markazit (FeS₂)3 samples, at most 5 grains
• Cinabarit (HgS)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Realgár (AsS)1 sample, at most 1 grains
• Auripigment (As₂S₃)1 sample, at most 1 grains
• Malachit (Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂)1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Scheelit (CaWO₄)1 sample, at most 5 grains

Nearest samples with gold

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)65 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)64 samples, at most 315 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)52 samples, at most 55 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)47 samples, at most 815 grains
• Spinel (Cr-spinel) ((Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)₂O₄)13 samples, at most 815 grains
• Apatit (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH))7 samples, at most 5 grains
• Staurolit (Fe₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH))6 samples, at most 315 grains
• Korund (Al₂O₃)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Amfiboly (Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂)2 samples, at most 5 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Chemical water types nearby

• Ca-Mg-HCO310×
• Ca-HCO38×
• Na-HCO31×

Water quality class according to the hydrogeochemical map

• class A13×
• class C2×
• class E1×
• class F1×
• class B1×
• class D1×

Metals in groundwater

• ZincZnextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 6,275 μg/lmedian 14.0 μg/l38 samples5 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 9.20 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l38 samples79 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 9.60 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l38 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAshigh (top 5 %)
  highest 6.30 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l38 samples97 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSeelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 1.80 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l38 samples66 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 760 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 0.0400 mg/lmedian 0.0100 mg/l38 samples47 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLielevated (top 10 %)
  highest 33.0 μg/lmedian 9.50 μg/l38 samples5 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 2.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l38 samples76 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.2 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbslightly elevated
  highest 0.200 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l38 samples97 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 40 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 83 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l25 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 1.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l38 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 1.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 47 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHgbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.100 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l38 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 1.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

Ore occurrences in the metallogenic map

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

2,618 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 126 hydrogeological and 2492 other; with an archive report number 2618.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m2146×
• 10–30 m397×
• 30–100 m3×
• 100–300 m6×
• over 300 m1×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Environmental burdens

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides33×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny20×
• Aktívny11×
• Stabilizovaný2×

Current state

• SD prebraná z archívnych materiálov (existuje inž. geologick18×
• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova9×
• SD zaregistrovaná v rámci terénneho výskumu na úlohe Atlas S6×