Toporecký potok

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• Young sediments50%SR 8.6 %
• Flysch50%SR 4.7 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Young sediments: Young unconsolidated sediments; fine material easily washes into the stream during rain.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary50%
• Paleogene50%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• fluvial sediments of floodplains50%SR 68 %
• deluvial sediments50%SR 16 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover3.5m

• 2 – 5100%SR 48 %

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Tectonic division

• NEOALPÍNSKE TEKTONICKÉ ŠTRUKTÚRY ZÁPADNÝCH KARPÁT100%SR 84 %

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Neotectonic units

• positive unit (mountain range)67%SR 60 %
• negative unit (intermountain basins)33%SR 14 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Direction of neotectonic movements

• medium uplift67%SR 32 %
• very small subsidence33%SR 7.3 %

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Regional geological division

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene100%SR 11 %

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Regional geological division (subunits)

• Spiš–Šariš Paleogene100%SR 5.8 %

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Engineering-geological districts

• region of mountain-stream deposits50%SR 21 %
• region of flyschoid rocks50%SR 5.4 %

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Engineering-geological formations

• formation of Quaternary sediments50%SR 71 %
• flysch formation50%SR 13 %

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Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas100%SR 95 %

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The map covers 2 of 4 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Sandstones100%SR 15 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Sandstones)100%SR 15 %

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Type of permeability (basic hydrogeological map 1:50,000)

• intergranular100%SR 86 %

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Hydrogeological function

• aquifer100%SR 95 %

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Main hydrogeological region

• paleogén Spišskej Magury, Ľubovnianskej vrchoviny a severozápadnej časti Spišsko – šarišského medzihoria a Pi…100%SR 2.3 %

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Geothermal groundwater bodies

• Levoča Basin – W and S part100%SR 9.5 %

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Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–Mg–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• MagnesiumMg14.1 mg/lpercentile 46
• BicarbonatesHCO3195 mg/lpercentile 44
• SulphatesSO432.4 mg/lpercentile 38
• CalciumCa51.2 mg/lpercentile 37
• FluoridesF0.0892 mg/lpercentile 35
• SodiumNa4.03 mg/lpercentile 20
• ChloridesCl2.98 mg/lpercentile 19
• PotassiumK1.36 mg/lpercentile 17

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• AmmoniumNH40.0516 mg/lpercentile 26
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK2.04 mg/lpercentile 21
• NitratesNO33.35 mg/lpercentile 20
• PhosphatesPO40.0341 mg/lpercentile 19

Metals

• AluminiumAl54.2 μg/lpercentile 45
• IronFe0.0900 mg/lpercentile 45
• ManganeseMn15.9 μg/lpercentile 32
• ZincZn1.77 μg/lpercentile 10

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• MolybdenumMo2.43 mg/kgpercentile 95
• NickelNi50.4 mg/kgpercentile 95
• ChromiumCr147 mg/kgpercentile 94
• VanadiumV88.5 mg/kgpercentile 82
• MercuryHg0.264 mg/kgpercentile 80
• AntimonySb1.35 mg/kgpercentile 78
• CadmiumCd0.339 mg/kgpercentile 75
• TinSn3.52 mg/kgpercentile 75
• ArsenicAs8.76 mg/kgpercentile 70
• BismuthBi0.278 mg/kgpercentile 69
• SeleniumSe0.305 mg/kgpercentile 63
• ZincZn99.9 mg/kgpercentile 54
• CobaltCo8.33 mg/kgpercentile 48
• LeadPb14.4 mg/kgpercentile 43
• CopperCu21.3 mg/kgpercentile 39

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.37 %percentile 68
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.44 ppm31th percentile
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh6.76 ppm26th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1371,084 Bq/m²percentile 23

Radon risk by isopleths

• medium100%SR 64 %

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Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

Geothermal groundwater bodies beneath the water line

• Levoča Basin – W and S part100%SR 9.5 %

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Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)518–1 112m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units742m a.s.l.
• Average slope9.2°
• Average January temperature-5.4°C
• Average July temperature15.1°C
• Annual precipitation804mm

Geomorphological units

• Sub-Tatra Basin50%SR 3.9 %
• Spišská Magura50%SR 0.0 %

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Geomorphological regions

• Fatra–Tatra area50%SR 21 %
• Podhôľne–Magura area50%SR 4.5 %

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Climatic-geographical types

• basin climate75%SR 29 %
• mountain climate25%SR 33 %

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Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils moderately susceptible to acidification67%SR 25 %
• soils susceptible to acidification33%SR 31 %

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Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A100%SR 45 %

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Lithogeochemical types

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene67%SR 11 %
• Mesozoic of the Bradl zone and the central Western Carpathians33%SR 10 %

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Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• LeadPbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 5.00 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l6 samples83 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Toporský potok2007, 60 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLislightly elevated
  highest 10.0 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l6 samples83 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Toporský potok2007, 20 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l6 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: rieka Poprad2007, 440 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBabelow half of Slovakia
  highest 35.0 μg/lmedian 25.5 μg/l6 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: rieka Poprad2007, 440 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 43 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l6 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: rieka Poprad2007, 440 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 37 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l6 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: rieka Poprad2007, 440 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 32 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.150 μg/lmedian 0.150 μg/l6 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: rieka Poprad, 440 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 26 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCubelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l6 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: rieka Poprad2007, 440 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 22 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l6 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: rieka Poprad2007, 440 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 22 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2below half of Slovakia
  highest 9.29 mg/lmedian 7.20 mg/l6 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Kamenec2008, 460 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 42 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Barite (BaSO₄)40 samples, at most 555 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)36 samples, at most 815 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)13 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)12 samples, at most 815 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)11 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)9 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)8 samples, at most 815 grains
• Cinabarit (HgS)7 samples, at most 50 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)6 samples, at most 55 grains
• Gold (Au)2 samples, at most 2 grains
• Markazit (FeS₂)2 samples, at most 55 grains
• Monazit ((Ce,La,Nd)PO₄)1 sample, at most 5 grains

Nearest samples with gold

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Spinel (Cr-spinel) ((Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)₂O₄)42 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)14 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)12 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)10 samples, at most 315 grains
• Epidot (Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH))9 samples, at most 155 grains
• Apatit (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH))4 samples, at most 55 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)3 samples, at most 5 grains
• Amfiboly (Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂)1 sample, at most 5 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Metals in groundwater

• LithiumLihigh (top 5 %)
  highest 79.0 μg/lmedian 11.0 μg/l27 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: vrt1992, 200 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 2,145 μg/lmedian 7.00 μg/l27 samples11 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: vrt1992, 210 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 3.80 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l27 samples89 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l27 samples96 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 3.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l27 samples56 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.1 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 0.400 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l27 samples81 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuslightly elevated
  highest 3.50 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l27 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 88 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlslightly elevated
  highest 0.0200 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l27 samples56 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.2 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 80 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l12 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.2 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHgbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.100 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l27 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.2 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l27 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.2 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 39 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l27 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.2 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 38 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

Deposits and mining areas

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

70 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 16 hydrogeological and 54 other; with an archive report number 70.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m39×
• 10–30 m25×
• 30–100 m0×
• 100–300 m2×
• over 300 m1×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides12×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny12×

Current state

• Processed only in the scope of registration on a scale of 1:25,0008×
• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova3×