VN Kolibabovce

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium100%SR 72 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary100%

Most common rock units

Neotectonic units

• positive unit (lowland hills)100%SR 14 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Direction of neotectonic movements

• medium uplift100%SR 32 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division

• intramontane basins100%SR 44 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division (subunits)

• East Slovak Basin100%SR 7.6 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas100%SR 95 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

The map covers 1 of 1 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Gravel100%SR 52 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Gravel)100%SR 22 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Main hydrogeological region

• neovolcanic rocks of Vihorlatské vrchy100%SR 0.0 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geothermal groundwater bodies

• Humenné Ridge100%SR 4.4 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• PotassiumK5.08 mg/lpercentile 74
• SodiumNa7.26 mg/lpercentile 41
• FluoridesF0.0860 mg/lpercentile 33
• ChloridesCl4.63 mg/lpercentile 32
• BicarbonatesHCO3103 mg/lpercentile 19
• CalciumCa23.6 mg/lpercentile 13
• MagnesiumMg5.37 mg/lpercentile 12
• SulphatesSO413.3 mg/lpercentile 5

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• PhosphatesPO40.386 mg/lpercentile 74
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK3.49 mg/lpercentile 57
• AmmoniumNH40.128 mg/lpercentile 55
• NitratesNO33.22 mg/lpercentile 19

Metals

• IronFe0.663 mg/lpercentile 95
• AluminiumAl481 μg/lpercentile 95
• ManganeseMn82.6 μg/lpercentile 76
• ZincZn7.22 μg/lpercentile 53

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• LeadPb30.6 mg/kgpercentile 87
• TinSn4.12 mg/kgpercentile 83
• CobaltCo10.4 mg/kgpercentile 76
• VanadiumV80.4 mg/kgpercentile 73
• ZincZn113 mg/kgpercentile 64
• ChromiumCr74.4 mg/kgpercentile 53
• CadmiumCd0.160 mg/kgpercentile 44
• ArsenicAs6.08 mg/kgpercentile 43
• MolybdenumMo0.337 mg/kgpercentile 42
• CopperCu21.6 mg/kgpercentile 40
• AntimonySb0.408 mg/kgpercentile 25
• NickelNi18.7 mg/kgpercentile 24
• BismuthBi0.110 mg/kgpercentile 9
• SeleniumSe0.0901 mg/kgpercentile 7
• MercuryHg0.0388 mg/kgpercentile 6

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh7.82 ppm64th percentile
• Potassium (K)K1.31 %percentile 55
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.48 ppm38th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS137493 Bq/m²percentile 4

Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

Geothermal groundwater bodies beneath the water line

• Humenné Ridge100%SR 4.4 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)111–321m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units179m a.s.l.
• Average slope3.1°
• Average January temperature-2.8°C
• Average July temperature19.0°C
• Annual precipitation675mm

Geomorphological units

• East Slovak Hills100%SR 1.1 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geomorphological regions

• East Slovak Lowland100%SR 4.9 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Climatic-geographical types

• lowland climate100%SR 38 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils moderately susceptible to acidification100%SR 25 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• relatively clean soil100%SR 53 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Lithogeochemical types

• Neogene100%SR 48 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)2 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)2 samples, at most 315 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)1 sample, at most 5 grains

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)2 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Apatit (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH))1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Spinel (Cr-spinel) ((Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)₂O₄)1 sample, at most 5 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Metals in groundwater

• CopperCuhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 9.20 μg/lmedian 2.80 μg/l10 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.150 μg/l10 samples50 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 92 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnslightly elevated
  highest 331 μg/lmedian 54.0 μg/l10 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 84 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSeslightly elevated
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l10 samples80 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 83 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsslightly elevated
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l10 samples90 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 80 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlslightly elevated
  highest 0.0100 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l10 samples70 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbslightly elevated
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l10 samples70 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrtypical value
  highest 0.700 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l10 samples60 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 72 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l6 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l10 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 47 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHgbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.100 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l10 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLibelow half of Slovakia
  highest 4.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l10 samples80 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 35 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

Deposits and mining areas

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

19 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 13 hydrogeological and 6 other; with an archive report number 19.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m3×
• 10–30 m8×
• 30–100 m0×
• 100–300 m8×
• over 300 m0×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides3×
• Slope flows1×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny3×
• Stabilizovaný1×

Current state

• SD zaregistrovaná v rámci terénneho výskumu na úlohe Atlas S3×
• Processed only in the scope of registration on a scale of 1:25,0001×