Klenovská Rimava

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium100%SR 72 %

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River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary100%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• fluvial sediments100%SR 2.3 %

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• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover7.5m

• 5 – 10100%SR 20 %

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Tectonic units

• VEPORIKUM100%SR 5.4 %

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Tectonic division

• Paleo-Alpine tectonic units of the Inner Western Carpathians100%SR 16 %

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Neotectonic units

• positive unit (mountain range)100%SR 60 %

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Direction of neotectonic movements

• large uplift100%SR 26 %

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Regional geological division

• Vepor Belt100%SR 6.4 %

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Regional geological division (subunits)

• Kohút Zone100%SR 2.3 %

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Engineering-geological districts

• region of mountain-stream deposits100%SR 21 %

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Engineering-geological formations

• formation of Quaternary sediments100%SR 71 %

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Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas100%SR 95 %

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The map covers 3 of 3 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Gravel50%SR 52 %
• Metamorphic rocks50%SR 2.4 %

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Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Gravel)50%SR 22 %
• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Metamorphic rocks)50%SR 2.3 %

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Main hydrogeological region

• crystalline basement of the Stolické vrchy and Revúcká vrchovina in the Slaná basin100%SR 1.7 %

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Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–HCO₃–SO₄

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• FluoridesF0.173 mg/lpercentile 73
• PotassiumK2.38 mg/lpercentile 39
• ChloridesCl3.89 mg/lpercentile 26
• SodiumNa4.68 mg/lpercentile 25
• SulphatesSO420.2 mg/lpercentile 16
• CalciumCa20.7 mg/lpercentile 10
• MagnesiumMg4.98 mg/lpercentile 10
• BicarbonatesHCO366.5 mg/lpercentile 10

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• NitratesNO36.37 mg/lpercentile 51
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK3.17 mg/lpercentile 50
• AmmoniumNH40.0736 mg/lpercentile 36
• PhosphatesPO40.0484 mg/lpercentile 27

Metals

• IronFe0.115 mg/lpercentile 55
• ZincZn5.63 μg/lpercentile 42
• AluminiumAl35.3 μg/lpercentile 33
• ManganeseMn14.9 μg/lpercentile 31

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• ArsenicAs18.5 mg/kgpercentile 89
• TinSn4.66 mg/kgpercentile 87
• VanadiumV85.4 mg/kgpercentile 79
• AntimonySb0.836 mg/kgpercentile 64
• CopperCu26.9 mg/kgpercentile 62
• LeadPb15.6 mg/kgpercentile 50
• MercuryHg0.0912 mg/kgpercentile 44
• CobaltCo7.97 mg/kgpercentile 42
• ZincZn89.1 mg/kgpercentile 42
• BismuthBi0.186 mg/kgpercentile 37
• NickelNi21.8 mg/kgpercentile 36
• ChromiumCr62.5 mg/kgpercentile 34
• SeleniumSe0.166 mg/kgpercentile 29
• MolybdenumMo0.240 mg/kgpercentile 22
• CadmiumCd0.0861 mg/kgpercentile 21

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU3.28 ppm91th percentile
• Potassium (K)K1.54 %percentile 86
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh8.04 ppm69th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1372,806 Bq/m²percentile 85

Radon risk by isopleths

• medium67%SR 64 %
• low33%SR 36 %

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Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

• Surface heat flow density65mW/m²

Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)252–590m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units351m a.s.l.
• Average slope9.1°

Geomorphological units

• Revúca Highlands50%SR 2.4 %
• Stolica Mountains50%SR 0.0 %

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Geomorphological regions

• Slovak Ore Mountains100%SR 10 %

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Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils moderately susceptible to acidification100%SR 25 %

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Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• contaminated soil, the content of risk elements is higher than the limit values of C67%SR 0.9 %
• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A33%SR 45 %

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Lithogeochemical types

• Crystalline basement of the Tatricum and Veporicum67%SR 1.5 %
• Plutonic rocks of the Central Western Carpathians33%SR 3.0 %

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Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• CopperCuslightly elevated
  highest 4.20 μg/lmedian 2.00 μg/l5 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: KLENOVSKA RIMAVA2001, 100 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 88 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLislightly elevated
  highest 20.0 μg/lmedian 20.0 μg/l4 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Rimava2010, 480 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 84 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsslightly elevated
  highest 3.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l4 samples75 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Klenovská Rimava-prítok2010, 770 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 83 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdslightly elevated
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.150 μg/l5 samples80 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: KLENOVSKA RIMAVA, 100 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l4 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Rimava2010, 480 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 2.50 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l5 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Rimava2010, 480 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 43 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBabelow half of Slovakia
  highest 27.0 μg/lmedian 25.0 μg/l4 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Rimava2010, 480 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 33 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l4 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Rimava2010, 480 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 32 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2typical value
  highest 16.9 mg/lmedian 10.8 mg/l4 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Klenovská Rimava-prítok2010, 770 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 71 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Scheelit (CaWO₄)76 samples, at most 1080 grains
• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)36 samples, at most 4475 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)36 samples, at most 400 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)30 samples, at most 450 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)27 samples, at most 900 grains
• Monazit ((Ce,La,Nd)PO₄)27 samples, at most 1115 grains
• Chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂)23 samples, at most 91 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)22 samples, at most 750 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)22 samples, at most 500 grains
• Gold (Au)21 samples, at most 13 grains
• Barite (BaSO₄)11 samples, at most 55 grains
• Arsenopyrite (FeAsS)5 samples, at most 79 grains
• Wolframit ((Fe,Mn)WO₄)3 samples, at most 16 grains
• Kasiterit (SnO₂)2 samples, at most 2 grains
• Auripigment (As₂S₃)1 sample, at most 5 grains

Nearest samples with gold

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)91 samples, at most 1285 grains
• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)90 samples, at most 3500 grains
• Apatit (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH))77 samples, at most 1155 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)33 samples, at most 900 grains
• Titanit (CaTiSiO₅)26 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Epidot (Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH))23 samples, at most 2139 grains
• Amfiboly (Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂)21 samples, at most 2000 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)5 samples, at most 550 grains
• Andaluzit (Al₂SiO₅)2 samples, at most 300 grains
• Korund (Al₂O₃)1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Sillimanit (Al₂SiO₅)1 sample, at most 25 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Metals in groundwater

• AluminiumAlextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 0.500 mg/lmedian 0.0100 mg/l22 samples45 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1991, 1.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 16.5 μg/lmedian 1.20 μg/l22 samples45 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1991, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 4.10 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l22 samples91 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: štôlňa1991, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 5.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l22 samples95 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 1.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.600 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l22 samples95 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: štôlňa1991, 1.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSeelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 2.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l22 samples55 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1991, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 92 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 2.20 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l22 samples55 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1991, 770 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLislightly elevated
  highest 19.0 μg/lmedian 2.00 μg/l22 samples23 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1991, 860 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 78 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuslightly elevated
  highest 2.10 μg/lmedian 1.05 μg/l22 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1991, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 77 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnslightly elevated
  highest 129 μg/lmedian 4.00 μg/l22 samples32 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l9 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1991, 2.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHgbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.100 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l22 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

What was mined here (according to the register of old mine workings)

• Fe4×
• Pb4×
• Cu1×

Types of mining objects

• adit21×
• spoil heap10×
• other type of object1×
• pinge (mining subsidence pit), line of pinge pits1×
• shaft1×

Nearest old mine workings

Deposits and mining areas

Ore occurrences in the metallogenic map

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

66 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 19 hydrogeological and 47 other; with an archive report number 66.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m20×
• 10–30 m15×
• 30–100 m5×
• 100–300 m1×
• over 300 m0×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Environmental burdens

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides1×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny1×

Current state

• SD zaregistrovaná v rámci terénneho výskumu na úlohe Atlas S1×