Ľubotínka

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium100%SR 72 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary100%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• fluvial sediments of floodplains100%SR 68 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover7.5m

• 5 – 10100%SR 20 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division

• Klippen Belt and the adjacent peri-Klippen zone100%SR 2.2 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division (subunits)

• Šariš section100%SR 0.0 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas100%SR 95 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

The map covers 1 of 2 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Main hydrogeological region

• paleogén Spišskej Magury, Ľubovnianskej vrchoviny a severozápadnej časti Spišsko – šarišského medzihoria a Pi…100%SR 2.3 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• PotassiumK3.66 mg/lpercentile 60
• FluoridesF0.129 mg/lpercentile 57
• CalciumCa66.8 mg/lpercentile 55
• BicarbonatesHCO3224 mg/lpercentile 54
• ChloridesCl7.37 mg/lpercentile 45
• MagnesiumMg13.5 mg/lpercentile 44
• SulphatesSO434.9 mg/lpercentile 42
• SodiumNa7.05 mg/lpercentile 40

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• AmmoniumNH40.0422 mg/lpercentile 21
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK1.94 mg/lpercentile 18
• NitratesNO32.60 mg/lpercentile 13
• PhosphatesPO40.0207 mg/lpercentile 10

Metals

• ManganeseMn105 μg/lpercentile 80
• IronFe0.140 mg/lpercentile 63
• AluminiumAl77.3 μg/lpercentile 54
• ZincZn1.58 μg/lpercentile 9

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• MolybdenumMo0.877 mg/kgpercentile 92
• ChromiumCr131 mg/kgpercentile 91
• NickelNi32.3 mg/kgpercentile 76
• MercuryHg0.126 mg/kgpercentile 59
• BismuthBi0.227 mg/kgpercentile 54
• SeleniumSe0.238 mg/kgpercentile 48
• CadmiumCd0.170 mg/kgpercentile 46
• ZincZn78.9 mg/kgpercentile 30
• CopperCu18.8 mg/kgpercentile 27
• AntimonySb0.415 mg/kgpercentile 26
• VanadiumV58.0 mg/kgpercentile 24
• CobaltCo6.66 mg/kgpercentile 22
• ArsenicAs4.66 mg/kgpercentile 20
• LeadPb8.65 mg/kgpercentile 6
• TinSn1.53 mg/kgpercentile 6

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.38 %percentile 69
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh6.96 ppm33th percentile
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.01 ppm8th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1371,157 Bq/m²percentile 28

Radon risk by isopleths

• medium100%SR 64 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

• Rock temperature at 2,000 m depth65°C
• Surface heat flow density65mW/m²

Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)432–736m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units564m a.s.l.
• Average slope8.2°

Geomorphological units

• Spiš–Šariš Intermountain Area100%SR 0.0 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geomorphological regions

• Podhôľne–Magura area100%SR 4.5 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils not susceptible to acidification100%SR 27 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Lithogeochemical types

• Cretaceous and Paleogene of the Outer Carpathians100%SR 9.5 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• ChromiumCrextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 15.0 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l4 samples75 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: voda štrkoviska2007, 720 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 2.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l4 samples75 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: voda štrkoviska2007, 720 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBaelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 99.0 μg/lmedian 68.5 μg/l4 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: potok Vesné2007, 500 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsslightly elevated
  highest 2.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l4 samples75 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: voda štrkoviska2007, 720 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l4 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: potok Hradlová2007, 420 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 2.50 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l4 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: potok Hradlová2007, 420 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 43 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLibelow half of Slovakia
  highest 5.00 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l4 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: potok Hradlová2007, 420 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 34 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.150 μg/lmedian 0.150 μg/l4 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: potok Hradlová, 420 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 26 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCubelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l4 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: potok Hradlová2007, 420 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 22 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2below half of Slovakia
  highest 7.02 mg/lmedian 5.19 mg/l4 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: potok Vesné2007, 500 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 26 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Barite (BaSO₄)13 samples, at most 815 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)8 samples, at most 55 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)4 samples, at most 55 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)4 samples, at most 55 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)4 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)4 samples, at most 815 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)3 samples, at most 55 grains
• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)3 samples, at most 815 grains
• Monazit ((Ce,La,Nd)PO₄)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Cinabarit (HgS)1 sample, at most 5 grains

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Spinel (Cr-spinel) ((Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)₂O₄)13 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)4 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)4 samples, at most 315 grains
• Epidot (Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH))3 samples, at most 55 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)3 samples, at most 55 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)3 samples, at most 315 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Chemical water types nearby

• Ca-HCO36×
• Ca-Mg-HCO32×
• Ca-SO4-HCO31×

Water quality class according to the hydrogeochemical map

• class A8×
• class B1×

Metals in groundwater

• LeadPbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 3.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l17 samples47 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSeelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 2.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l17 samples82 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 92 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 2.10 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l17 samples82 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 300 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuslightly elevated
  highest 3.60 μg/lmedian 1.30 μg/l17 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 88 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnslightly elevated
  highest 375 μg/lmedian 8.00 μg/l17 samples6 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 86 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLislightly elevated
  highest 22.0 μg/lmedian 12.0 μg/l17 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 830 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 80 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l13 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l17 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 47 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHgbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.100 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l17 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.100 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l17 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 40 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l17 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 38 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l17 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 30 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

Types of mining objects

• tailings pond1×

Nearest old mine workings

Deposits and mining areas

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

296 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 30 hydrogeological and 266 other; with an archive report number 296.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m253×
• 10–30 m40×
• 30–100 m3×
• 100–300 m0×
• over 300 m0×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides64×
• Slope flows1×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny44×
• Stabilizovaný16×
• Aktívny4×
• With potential and active forms1×

Current state

• SD zaregistrovaná v rámci terénneho výskumu na úlohe Atlas S14×
• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova14×
• SD prebraná z archívnych materiálov (existuje inž. geologick8×
• Processed only in the scope of registration on a scale of 1:25,0003×