Malá Svinka

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• Flysch50%SR 4.7 %
• River alluvium50%SR 72 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Flysch: Alternating sandstones and claystones; moderately mineralised water that turns turbid quickly in rain.

Geological age of the rocks

• Paleogene50%
• Quaternary50%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• fluvial sediments of floodplains83%SR 68 %
• deluvial sediments17%SR 16 %

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• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover2.9m

• 2 – 578%SR 48 %
• 0 – 222%SR 16 %

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Tectonic division

• NEOALPÍNSKE TEKTONICKÉ ŠTRUKTÚRY ZÁPADNÝCH KARPÁT100%SR 84 %

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Neotectonic units

• positive unit (mountain range)100%SR 60 %

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Direction of neotectonic movements

• medium uplift100%SR 32 %

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Regional geological division

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene100%SR 11 %

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Regional geological division (subunits)

• Spiš–Šariš Paleogene100%SR 5.8 %

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Engineering-geological districts

• region of flyschoid rocks33%SR 5.4 %
• region of claystone-siltstone rocks33%SR 0.3 %
• region of sandstone-conglomerate rocks33%SR 3.4 %

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Engineering-geological formations

• flysch formation100%SR 13 %

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Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas67%SR 95 %
• Region of potentially unstable areas33%SR 4.4 %

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The map covers 4 of 9 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Gravel78%SR 52 %
• Sandstones22%SR 15 %

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Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Gravel)78%SR 22 %
• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Sandstones)22%SR 15 %

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Type of permeability (basic hydrogeological map 1:50,000)

• intergranular50%SR 86 %
• fissure50%SR 12 %

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Hydrogeological function

• aquifer100%SR 95 %

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Main hydrogeological region

• Paleogene basin Svinky67%SR 0.0 %
• Paleogene of Spiš-Šarišské Medzihoria, Bachurne and Šarišská vrchovina in the Torysy basin33%SR 0.0 %

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Geothermal groundwater bodies

• Levoča Basin – W and S part56%SR 9.5 %
• Levoča Basin – NE part44%SR 5.0 %

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Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–Mg–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• PotassiumK8.79 mg/lpercentile 90
• FluoridesF0.192 mg/lpercentile 78
• CalciumCa84.0 mg/lpercentile 74
• SulphatesSO460.2 mg/lpercentile 69
• MagnesiumMg21.1 mg/lpercentile 69
• BicarbonatesHCO3267 mg/lpercentile 68
• SodiumNa10.6 mg/lpercentile 56
• ChloridesCl11.2 mg/lpercentile 55

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• AmmoniumNH41.14 mg/lpercentile 94
• PhosphatesPO40.328 mg/lpercentile 70
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK3.86 mg/lpercentile 64
• NitratesNO35.44 mg/lpercentile 42

Metals

• ZincZn23.5 μg/lpercentile 90
• ManganeseMn35.9 μg/lpercentile 53
• AluminiumAl69.4 μg/lpercentile 51
• IronFe0.0732 mg/lpercentile 36

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• ChromiumCr98.0 mg/kgpercentile 80
• MolybdenumMo0.554 mg/kgpercentile 76
• NickelNi32.0 mg/kgpercentile 76
• SeleniumSe0.376 mg/kgpercentile 75
• AntimonySb0.964 mg/kgpercentile 70
• VanadiumV72.5 mg/kgpercentile 60
• ArsenicAs7.12 mg/kgpercentile 56
• BismuthBi0.215 mg/kgpercentile 50
• TinSn2.45 mg/kgpercentile 42
• CobaltCo7.89 mg/kgpercentile 41
• MercuryHg0.0835 mg/kgpercentile 39
• CopperCu20.0 mg/kgpercentile 33
• CadmiumCd0.106 mg/kgpercentile 28
• ZincZn71.1 mg/kgpercentile 20
• LeadPb10.4 mg/kgpercentile 15

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.66 %percentile 91
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh8.49 ppm77th percentile
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.63 ppm58th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1371,306 Bq/m²percentile 38

Radon risk by isopleths

• medium100%SR 64 %

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Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

Geothermal groundwater bodies beneath the water line

• Levoča Basin – W and S part56%SR 9.5 %
• Levoča Basin – NE part44%SR 5.0 %

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Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)266–1 079m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units621m a.s.l.
• Average slope12.3°
• Average January temperature-4.0°C
• Average July temperature18.0°C
• Annual precipitation733mm

Geomorphological units

• Bachureň80%SR 0.0 %
• Šariš Highlands20%SR 0.0 %

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Geomorphological regions

• Podhôľne–Magura area100%SR 4.5 %

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Climatic-geographical types

• mountain climate100%SR 33 %

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Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils susceptible to acidification100%SR 31 %

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Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A78%SR 45 %
• relatively clean soil22%SR 53 %

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Lithogeochemical types

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene100%SR 11 %

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Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• LithiumLiextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 360 μg/lmedian 10.0 μg/l14 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Svinia2003, 290 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.800 μg/lmedian 0.300 μg/l14 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Jarovnice, 40 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 7.00 μg/lmedian 2.00 μg/l14 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Svinia2003, 30 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 94 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 4.00 μg/lmedian 4.00 μg/l14 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Kojatice2003, 60 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbslightly elevated
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l14 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Kojatice2003, 60 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 82 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsslightly elevated
  highest 2.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l14 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Župčany2003, 950 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBatypical value
  highest 40.0 μg/lmedian 25.0 μg/l14 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Kojatice2003, 60 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Barite (BaSO₄)32 samples, at most 155 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)18 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)15 samples, at most 5 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)15 samples, at most 315 grains
• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)14 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)12 samples, at most 55 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)12 samples, at most 315 grains
• Monazit ((Ce,La,Nd)PO₄)6 samples, at most 5 grains
• Gold (Au)4 samples, at most 2 grains
• Markazit (FeS₂)3 samples, at most 5 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)3 samples, at most 5 grains
• Kasiterit (SnO₂)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Scheelit (CaWO₄)1 sample, at most 5 grains

Nearest samples with gold

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Spinel (Cr-spinel) ((Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)₂O₄)55 samples, at most 1115 grains
• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)18 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)18 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)16 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)7 samples, at most 55 grains
• Staurolit (Fe₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH))4 samples, at most 55 grains
• Epidot (Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH))4 samples, at most 5 grains
• Titanit (CaTiSiO₅)1 sample, at most 52 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Metals in groundwater

• CopperCuextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 91.0 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l52 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHgextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 1.10 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l52 samples96 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLihigh (top 5 %)
  highest 80.0 μg/lmedian 16.5 μg/l52 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAshigh (top 5 %)
  highest 5.80 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l52 samples75 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 1,272 μg/lmedian 7.00 μg/l52 samples8 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 180 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 3.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l52 samples62 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l52 samples88 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 90 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 92 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSeslightly elevated
  highest 1.50 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l52 samples94 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 88 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrslightly elevated
  highest 1.40 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l52 samples67 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 510 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 83 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlslightly elevated
  highest 0.0200 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l52 samples94 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 80 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l36 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l52 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 47 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

Deposits and mining areas

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

66 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 46 hydrogeological and 20 other; with an archive report number 66.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m29×
• 10–30 m19×
• 30–100 m9×
• 100–300 m5×
• over 300 m1×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides65×
• Block fields2×
• Block fissures1×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny48×
• Stabilizovaný9×
• Aktívny9×
• With stabilised and potential forms2×

Current state

• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova40×
• SD zaregistrovaná v rámci terénneho výskumu na úlohe Atlas S18×
• Insufficiently documented4×
• Processed only in the scope of registration on a scale of 1:25,0002×
• SD prebraná z archívnych materiálov (existuje inž. geologick1×