Brezovský potok (Senica)

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium67%SR 72 %
• Young sediments33%SR 8.6 %

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River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary100%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• deluvial sediments100%SR 16 %

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• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover13m

• 10 – 15100%SR 7.1 %

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Tectonic division

• NEOALPÍNSKE TEKTONICKÉ ŠTRUKTÚRY ZÁPADNÝCH KARPÁT100%SR 84 %

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Neotectonic units

• positive unit (lowland hills)75%SR 14 %
• positive unit (mountain range)25%SR 60 %

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Direction of neotectonic movements

• very large uplift75%SR 2.3 %
• medium uplift25%SR 32 %

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Regional geological division

• Klippen Belt and the adjacent peri-Klippen zone57%SR 2.2 %
• core mountains29%SR 11 %
• intramontane basins14%SR 44 %

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Regional geological division (subunits)

• Myjava Hills57%SR 0.0 %
• Malé Karpaty29%SR 1.4 %
• Vienna Basin14%SR 4.0 %

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Engineering-geological districts

• region of mountain-stream deposits50%SR 21 %
• region of lowland-stream deposits25%SR 20 %
• region of claystone-limestone rocks25%SR 1.0 %

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Engineering-geological formations

• formation of Quaternary sediments75%SR 71 %
• flysch formation25%SR 13 %

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Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas100%SR 95 %

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The map covers 6 of 8 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Gravel33%SR 52 %
• Ílovce33%SR 2.9 %
• Zlepence33%SR 0.8 %

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Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Gravel)33%SR 22 %
• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Ílovce)33%SR 2.8 %
• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Zlepence)33%SR 0.8 %

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Type of permeability (basic hydrogeological map 1:50,000)

• intergranular100%SR 86 %

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Hydrogeological function

• aquifer100%SR 95 %

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Main hydrogeological region

• Neogene to the Cretaceous of the Myjava hills southwest of the Bradl zone83%SR 0.0 %
• Quaternary of Myjavy17%SR 0.0 %

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Geothermal groundwater bodies

• Vienna Basin100%SR 3.6 %

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Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–Mg–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• CalciumCa107 mg/lpercentile 91
• BicarbonatesHCO3381 mg/lpercentile 90
• MagnesiumMg32.1 mg/lpercentile 86
• SulphatesSO465.4 mg/lpercentile 73
• ChloridesCl22.2 mg/lpercentile 72
• FluoridesF0.156 mg/lpercentile 68
• PotassiumK3.65 mg/lpercentile 60
• SodiumNa11.1 mg/lpercentile 58

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• NitratesNO317.9 mg/lpercentile 90
• AmmoniumNH40.202 mg/lpercentile 68
• PhosphatesPO40.289 mg/lpercentile 67
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK3.34 mg/lpercentile 54

Metals

• ManganeseMn37.1 μg/lpercentile 54
• IronFe0.104 mg/lpercentile 51
• AluminiumAl60.1 μg/lpercentile 48
• ZincZn6.39 μg/lpercentile 48

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• NickelNi43.0 mg/kgpercentile 91
• ChromiumCr101 mg/kgpercentile 82
• ZincZn127 mg/kgpercentile 72
• CopperCu28.0 mg/kgpercentile 66
• AntimonySb0.864 mg/kgpercentile 65
• BismuthBi0.249 mg/kgpercentile 61
• ArsenicAs6.73 mg/kgpercentile 52
• LeadPb14.3 mg/kgpercentile 42
• CobaltCo7.84 mg/kgpercentile 40
• VanadiumV63.9 mg/kgpercentile 40
• CadmiumCd0.126 mg/kgpercentile 34
• MercuryHg0.0710 mg/kgpercentile 29
• SeleniumSe0.161 mg/kgpercentile 27
• TinSn1.99 mg/kgpercentile 20
• MolybdenumMo0.169 mg/kgpercentile 11

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.54 %percentile 86
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh8.47 ppm77th percentile
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.85 ppm76th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1371,486 Bq/m²percentile 49

Radon risk by isopleths

• low71%SR 36 %
• medium29%SR 64 %

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Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

Geothermal groundwater bodies beneath the water line

• Vienna Basin100%SR 3.6 %

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Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)195–543m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units327m a.s.l.
• Average slope7.3°
• Average January temperature-3.5°C
• Average July temperature18.5°C
• Annual precipitation700mm

Geomorphological units

• Myjava Hills100%SR 0.0 %

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Geomorphological regions

• Slovak-Moravian Carpathians100%SR 5.4 %

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Climatic-geographical types

• mountain climate100%SR 33 %

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Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils susceptible to acidification33%SR 31 %
• soils moderately susceptible to acidification33%SR 25 %
• soils not susceptible to acidification33%SR 27 %

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Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• relatively clean soil71%SR 53 %
• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A29%SR 45 %

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Lithogeochemical types

• Neogene50%SR 48 %
• Clayey-sandy sediments of the Cretaceous and Paleogene of the Klippen Belt, Tatricum and Hronicum50%SR 2.9 %

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Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• StrontiumSrhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 983 μg/lmedian 467 μg/l4 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Polianka – Siváčkovia, 400 m SV od k-3992004, 880 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 15.0 μg/lmedian 1.80 μg/l19 samples37 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Pravostran. prítok Brezov. potoka, 200m za obcou2002, 170 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 97 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 6.00 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l19 samples89 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: bez mena, ľavostranný prítok Brezovej2012, 540 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSeelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 0.580 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l18 samples94 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Brezovský potok2002, 30 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 92 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBaelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 103 μg/lmedian 44.0 μg/l14 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Brezová, potok2012, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 0.300 μg/lmedian 0.150 μg/l19 samples89 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Brezovský, potok, 70 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrslightly elevated
  highest 4.20 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l19 samples74 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Brezovský, potok1982, 70 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 88 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsslightly elevated
  highest 3.00 μg/lmedian 0.930 μg/l18 samples44 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Brezová, potok2012, 70 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 83 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l5 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Brezovský potok2002, 30 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 37 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLibelow half of Slovakia
  highest 5.00 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l18 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Myjava, potok2012, 850 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 34 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2slightly elevated
  highest 20.6 mg/lmedian 9.44 mg/l19 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: bez mena, pravostran. prítok Brezovského p.2012, 440 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 78 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Rutil (TiO₂)8 samples, at most 55 grains
• Scheelit (CaWO₄)4 samples, at most 3 grains
• Barite (BaSO₄)4 samples, at most 5 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)4 samples, at most 55 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)3 samples, at most 55 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)3 samples, at most 55 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)2 samples, at most 55 grains
• Malachit (Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂)2 samples, at most 55 grains
• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Arsenopyrite (FeAsS)1 sample, at most 2 grains
• Chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂)1 sample, at most 1 grains

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)14 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)14 samples, at most 55 grains
• Apatit (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH))11 samples, at most 55 grains
• Sillimanit (Al₂SiO₅)4 samples, at most 55 grains
• Spinel (Cr-spinel) ((Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)₂O₄)2 samples, at most 55 grains
• Kyanit (Al₂SiO₅)2 samples, at most 55 grains
• Titanit (CaTiSiO₅)1 sample, at most 27 grains
• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)1 sample, at most 55 grains
• Staurolit (Fe₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH))1 sample, at most 5 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Metals in groundwater

• LeadPbextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 9.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l50 samples52 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 4,213 μg/lmedian 66.0 μg/l50 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: vrt1993, 480 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 9.30 μg/lmedian 1.35 μg/l50 samples32 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 380 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLihigh (top 5 %)
  highest 114 μg/lmedian 11.5 μg/l50 samples8 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 98 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.900 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l50 samples94 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.0900 mg/lmedian 0.0500 mg/l50 samples32 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAselevated (top 10 %)
  highest 3.70 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l50 samples82 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 900 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 94 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSeelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 2.30 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l50 samples78 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 190 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 94 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l50 samples84 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 92 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuslightly elevated
  highest 3.40 μg/lmedian 0.800 μg/l50 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 87 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l35 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHgbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.100 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l50 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1993, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

Types of mining objects

• spoil heap1×

Nearest old mine workings

Deposits and mining areas

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

214 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 38 hydrogeological and 176 other; with an archive report number 214.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m97×
• 10–30 m67×
• 30–100 m21×
• 100–300 m9×
• over 300 m0×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Environmental burdens

Waste landfills

Anthropogenic sediments

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides3×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny3×

Current state

• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova2×
• SD zaregistrovaná v rámci terénneho výskumu na úlohe Atlas S1×