Vyhniansky potok

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• Volcanic rocks67%SR 3.2 %
• River alluvium33%SR 72 %

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Volcanic rocks: Silicate rocks; the water is usually soft to moderately mineralised.

Geological age of the rocks

• neovolcanic rocks67%
• Quaternary33%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover2.5m

• 2 – 560%SR 48 %
• 0 – 240%SR 16 %

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Tectonic division

• NEOALPÍNSKE TEKTONICKÉ ŠTRUKTÚRY ZÁPADNÝCH KARPÁT100%SR 84 %

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Neotectonic units

• positive unit (mountain range)100%SR 60 %

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Direction of neotectonic movements

• large uplift100%SR 26 %

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Regional geological division

• neovolcanic rocks100%SR 10 %

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Regional geological division (subunits)

• Central Slovak neovolcanic rocks100%SR 8.8 %

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Engineering-geological districts

• region of magmatic intrusive rocks50%SR 3.0 %
• region of effusive rocks50%SR 3.1 %

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Engineering-geological formations

• formation of Variscan granitoids50%SR 3.2 %
• neovolcanic formation50%SR 4.5 %

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Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas100%SR 95 %

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The map covers 3 of 6 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Acid volcanic rocks50%SR 3.2 %
• Gravel25%SR 52 %
• Zlepence25%SR 0.8 %

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Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody50%SR 3.2 %
• Zvodnence s prevažne medzizrnovým typom priepustnosti (prevažne nespevnené sedimenty) (Gravel; Fluviálne)25%SR 27 %
• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Zlepence)25%SR 0.8 %

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Main hydrogeological region

• neovolcanic rocks of the northern slopes of Štiavnické vrchy and Javoria83%SR 1.5 %
• Quaternary Niva Hrona and Slatina from Slovenská Ľupča to Tlmače17%SR 0.0 %

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Geothermal groundwater bodies

• Žiar Basin100%SR 6.4 %

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Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–Mg–SO₄–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• SulphatesSO496.0 mg/lpercentile 88
• FluoridesF0.164 mg/lpercentile 70
• SodiumNa13.1 mg/lpercentile 66
• PotassiumK3.94 mg/lpercentile 63
• ChloridesCl8.41 mg/lpercentile 49
• MagnesiumMg13.6 mg/lpercentile 45
• CalciumCa45.3 mg/lpercentile 32
• BicarbonatesHCO3121 mg/lpercentile 24

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• AmmoniumNH40.532 mg/lpercentile 87
• PhosphatesPO40.491 mg/lpercentile 81
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK2.97 mg/lpercentile 45
• NitratesNO34.55 mg/lpercentile 33

Metals

• AluminiumAl2,360 μg/lpercentile 96
• ManganeseMn585 μg/lpercentile 95
• ZincZn227 μg/lpercentile 95
• IronFe0.199 mg/lpercentile 75

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• LeadPb106 mg/kgpercentile 95
• CadmiumCd1.68 mg/kgpercentile 95
• MolybdenumMo1.10 mg/kgpercentile 95
• ArsenicAs31.8 mg/kgpercentile 95
• CopperCu73.3 mg/kgpercentile 94
• CobaltCo14.4 mg/kgpercentile 93
• ZincZn247 mg/kgpercentile 92
• MercuryHg0.553 mg/kgpercentile 90
• BismuthBi0.461 mg/kgpercentile 88
• VanadiumV98.3 mg/kgpercentile 88
• AntimonySb3.26 mg/kgpercentile 87
• SeleniumSe0.449 mg/kgpercentile 82
• TinSn2.41 mg/kgpercentile 40
• NickelNi19.3 mg/kgpercentile 26
• ChromiumCr36.9 mg/kgpercentile 6

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU3.59 ppm95th percentile
• Potassium (K)K1.80 %percentile 93
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh8.72 ppm80th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1375,645 Bq/m²percentile 96

Radon risk by isopleths

• low83%SR 36 %
• medium17%SR 64 %

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Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

Geothermal groundwater bodies beneath the water line

• Žiar Basin100%SR 6.4 %

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Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)176–940m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units436m a.s.l.
• Average slope13.5°
• Average January temperature-4.5°C
• Average July temperature17.2°C
• Annual precipitation800mm

Geomorphological units

• Štiavnica Mountains83%SR 2.2 %
• Žiar Basin17%SR 0.0 %

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Geomorphological regions

• Slovak Central Mountains100%SR 9.1 %

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Climatic-geographical types

• mountain climate75%SR 33 %
• basin climate25%SR 29 %

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Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils susceptible to acidification100%SR 31 %

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Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A100%SR 45 %

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Lithogeochemical types

• Neogene volcanics60%SR 11 %
• Neogene20%SR 48 %
• Plutonic rocks of the Central Western Carpathians20%SR 3.0 %

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Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• ArsenicAsextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 30.0 μg/lmedian 2.30 μg/l5 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Vyhniansky potok1992, 20 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.800 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l5 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: 2000m JZ od K Zlatý vrch, 750 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuslightly elevated
  highest 4.10 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l5 samples80 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: 2000m JZ od K Zlatý vrch1993, 750 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 87 of all samples in Slovakia.

• StrontiumSrslightly elevated
  highest 400 μg/lmedian 140 μg/l5 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Vyhniansky potok1992, 20 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 82 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLislightly elevated
  highest 14.0 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l5 samples60 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Vyhniansky potok1992, 20 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 79 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrtypical value
  highest 1.90 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l5 samples80 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Klokočský potok1993, 770 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 74 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBatypical value
  highest 50.0 μg/lmedian 40.0 μg/l5 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Klokočský potok1993, 770 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 60 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l5 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: 2000m JZ od K Zlatý vrch1993, 750 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 2.50 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l5 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: 2000m JZ od K Zlatý vrch1993, 750 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 43 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l5 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: 2000m JZ od K Zlatý vrch1993, 750 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 37 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2elevated (top 10 %)
  highest 33.7 mg/lmedian 18.0 mg/l5 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: ľavostranný prítok Hrona JZ od obce Bukovina1992, 490 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 91 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Pyrite (FeS₂)33 samples, at most 2815 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)27 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Barite (BaSO₄)26 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)26 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)25 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)22 samples, at most 55 grains
• Sphalerite (ZnS)20 samples, at most 50 grains
• Cinabarit (HgS)17 samples, at most 25 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)13 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)12 samples, at most 5 grains
• Gold (Au)11 samples, at most 9 grains
• Chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂)6 samples, at most 50 grains
• Monazit ((Ce,La,Nd)PO₄)4 samples, at most 5 grains
• Realgár (AsS)4 samples, at most 3 grains
• Scheelit (CaWO₄)3 samples, at most 1 grains
• Malachit (Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Galena (PbS)2 samples, at most 5 grains

Nearest samples with gold

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)26 samples, at most 315 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)26 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Apatit (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH))25 samples, at most 5 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)25 samples, at most 555 grains
• Amfiboly (Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂)24 samples, at most 1815 grains
• Epidot (Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH))18 samples, at most 55 grains
• Korund (Al₂O₃)14 samples, at most 55 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)9 samples, at most 55 grains
• Sillimanit (Al₂SiO₅)5 samples, at most 5 grains
• Staurolit (Fe₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH))3 samples, at most 5 grains
• Kyanit (Al₂SiO₅)2 samples, at most 5 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Chemical water types nearby

• Ca-Mg-HCO38×
• Ca-HCO35×
• Ca-SO4-HCO33×
• Ca-SO41×

Water quality class according to the hydrogeochemical map

• class H5×
• class D4×
• class E2×
• class B2×
• class F2×
• class G1×
• class A1×

Metals in groundwater

• CopperCuextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 128 μg/lmedian 0.800 μg/l39 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: štôlňa1991, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 14.2 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l39 samples51 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: štôlňa1991, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 17.0 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l39 samples82 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: štôlňa1991, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 127 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l39 samples49 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1991, 2.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 10.4 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l39 samples74 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1991, 2.5 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 4,400 μg/lmedian 7.00 μg/l39 samples10 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1991, 870 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdextreme (top 1 %)
  highest 3.10 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l39 samples87 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: štôlňa1991, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 99 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLielevated (top 10 %)
  highest 52.0 μg/lmedian 3.00 μg/l39 samples28 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: štôlňa1991, 2.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSeslightly elevated
  highest 1.30 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l39 samples90 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1991, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 86 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrtypical value
  highest 0.600 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l39 samples90 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1991, 160 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 69 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l13 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: štôlňa1991, 2.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHgbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.100 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l39 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: štôlňa1991, 2.4 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

What was mined here (according to the register of old mine workings)

• Au1850×
• Ag1717×
• Zn240×
• Pb237×
• Cu163×

Types of mining objects

• spoil heap649×
• adit635×
• pinge (mining subsidence pit), line of pinge pits525×
• shaft69×
• other type of object39×
• tailings pond1×
• surface quarry1×

Nearest old mine workings

Deposits and mining areas

Ore occurrences in the metallogenic map

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

391 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 64 hydrogeological and 327 other; with an archive report number 391.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m112×
• 10–30 m56×
• 30–100 m77×
• 100–300 m100×
• over 300 m42×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides49×
• Block fields12×
• Block fissures4×
• Block fields + landslides2×
• Rockfalls2×

Degree of activity

• Stabilizovaný49×
• Potenciálny13×
• Aktívny5×
• With stabilised and potential forms1×
• With potential and active forms1×

Current state

• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova41×
• Processed only in the scope of registration on a scale of 1:25,0009×
• SD prebraná z archívnych materiálov (existuje inž. geologick3×
• SD zaregistrovaná v rámci terénneho výskumu na úlohe Atlas S2×