Chvojnica

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium100%SR 72 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary100%

Most common rock units

Tectonic division

• NEOALPÍNSKE TEKTONICKÉ ŠTRUKTÚRY ZÁPADNÝCH KARPÁT100%SR 84 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Neotectonic units

• negative unit (intermountain basins)100%SR 14 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Direction of neotectonic movements

• small subsidence100%SR 8.8 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division

• intramontane basins100%SR 44 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division (subunits)

• inner basins100%SR 4.5 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Engineering-geological districts

• region of lowland-stream deposits100%SR 20 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Engineering-geological formations

• formation of Quaternary sediments100%SR 71 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas100%SR 95 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

The map covers 3 of 3 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Aquifer rocks (hydrogeological map 1:200,000)

• Gravel100%SR 52 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Aquifer type

• Menšie zvodnence s medzizrnovým alebo puklinovým typom priepustnosti alebo oblasti s takmer žiadnymi množstvami podzemnej vody (Gravel)100%SR 22 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Type of permeability (basic hydrogeological map 1:50,000)

• intergranular100%SR 86 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Hydrogeological function

• aquifer100%SR 95 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Main hydrogeological region

• Neogene and Quaternary of the Hornonitrian Basin100%SR 0.0 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geothermal groundwater bodies

• Upper Nitra Basin100%SR 3.4 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–Mg–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• FluoridesF0.149 mg/lpercentile 65
• SulphatesSO433.7 mg/lpercentile 40
• PotassiumK2.27 mg/lpercentile 37
• ChloridesCl5.42 mg/lpercentile 37
• MagnesiumMg10.9 mg/lpercentile 35
• SodiumNa6.09 mg/lpercentile 35
• BicarbonatesHCO3139 mg/lpercentile 29
• CalciumCa39.4 mg/lpercentile 27

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• PhosphatesPO40.478 mg/lpercentile 80
• NitratesNO38.30 mg/lpercentile 65
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK2.88 mg/lpercentile 42
• AmmoniumNH40.0841 mg/lpercentile 40

Metals

• AluminiumAl134 μg/lpercentile 68
• ManganeseMn33.2 μg/lpercentile 52
• IronFe0.101 mg/lpercentile 49
• ZincZn6.18 μg/lpercentile 46

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• ArsenicAs13.8 mg/kgpercentile 84
• MercuryHg0.229 mg/kgpercentile 77
• MolybdenumMo0.479 mg/kgpercentile 66
• LeadPb16.4 mg/kgpercentile 55
• ZincZn99.1 mg/kgpercentile 53
• SeleniumSe0.231 mg/kgpercentile 46
• TinSn2.56 mg/kgpercentile 46
• VanadiumV62.2 mg/kgpercentile 35
• NickelNi19.6 mg/kgpercentile 27
• CobaltCo6.93 mg/kgpercentile 26
• CadmiumCd0.0960 mg/kgpercentile 24
• AntimonySb0.400 mg/kgpercentile 24
• CopperCu17.3 mg/kgpercentile 20
• ChromiumCr52.1 mg/kgpercentile 19
• BismuthBi0.134 mg/kgpercentile 17

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Potassium (K)K1.76 %percentile 93
• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU3.35 ppm93th percentile
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh8.40 ppm76th percentile

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1371,184 Bq/m²percentile 30

Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

• Rock temperature at 2,000 m depth65°C
• Surface heat flow density72mW/m²

Geothermal groundwater bodies beneath the water line

• Upper Nitra Basin100%SR 3.4 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)230–570m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units334m a.s.l.
• Average slope3.7°
• Average January temperature-3.0°C
• Average July temperature19.3°C
• Annual precipitation650mm

Geomorphological units

• Upper Nitra Basin100%SR 1.4 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geomorphological regions

• Fatra–Tatra area100%SR 21 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Climatic-geographical types

• basin climate100%SR 29 %

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Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils susceptible to acidification100%SR 31 %

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Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• relatively clean soil100%SR 53 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Lithogeochemical types

• Neogene50%SR 48 %
• Crystalline basement of the Tatricum and Veporicum50%SR 1.5 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• ArsenicAstypical value
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malinová2009, 480 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malinová2009, 480 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 2.50 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malinová2009, 480 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 43 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLibelow half of Slovakia
  highest 5.00 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malinová2009, 480 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 34 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malinová2009, 480 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 32 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBabelow half of Slovakia
  highest 26.0 μg/lmedian 26.0 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malinová2009, 480 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 31 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.150 μg/lmedian 0.150 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malinová, 480 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 26 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCubelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malinová2009, 480 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 22 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2slightly elevated
  highest 19.5 mg/lmedian 19.5 mg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Malinová2009, 480 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 77 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)5 samples, at most 315 grains
• Scheelit (CaWO₄)4 samples, at most 55 grains
• Cinabarit (HgS)2 samples, at most 315 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)2 samples, at most 5 grains

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)5 samples, at most 4115 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)5 samples, at most 55 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)5 samples, at most 55 grains
• Apatit (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH))1 sample, at most 315 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Chemical water types nearby

• Ca-Mg-HCO31×

Water quality class according to the hydrogeochemical map

• class B1×

Metals in groundwater

• MercuryHghigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.300 μg/lmedian 0.200 μg/l19 samples47 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 80 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 1,903 μg/lmedian 27.0 μg/l19 samples21 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 970 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.110 mg/lmedian 0.0500 mg/l19 samples16 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 120 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAshigh (top 5 %)
  highest 6.10 μg/lmedian 1.40 μg/l19 samples32 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 1.10 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l19 samples79 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: vrt1993, 1.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l19 samples95 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 3.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 4.80 μg/lmedian 0.900 μg/l19 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.6 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 93 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 2.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l19 samples74 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 970 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 90 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrslightly elevated
  highest 1.60 μg/lmedian 0.800 μg/l19 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 1.7 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 85 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLislightly elevated
  highest 21.0 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l19 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 3.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 79 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l9 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.2 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l19 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 1.2 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 39 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

What was mined here (according to the register of old mine workings)

• Au22×

Types of mining objects

• other type of object22×

Nearest old mine workings

Deposits and mining areas

Ore occurrences in the metallogenic map

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

138 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 23 hydrogeological and 115 other; with an archive report number 138.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m66×
• 10–30 m33×
• 30–100 m7×
• 100–300 m18×
• over 300 m8×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides30×
• Block fissures2×
• Block fields1×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny20×
• Stabilizovaný12×
• Aktívny1×

Current state

• SD taken from archival materials, ktorá bola konfrontova14×
• SD prebraná z archívnych materiálov (existuje inž. geologick7×
• SD zaregistrovaná v rámci terénneho výskumu na úlohe Atlas S1×
• Insufficiently documented1×