VN Košiare

Geological structure beneath the water

Which rock lies beneath the water line (Geological Map of Slovakia 1:50,000), how old it is, how thick the Quaternary cover is and in which tectonic unit the water flows. The bedrock decides the hardness of the water, the bottom, the turbidity after rain and the abundance of springs.

The points follow the water line (for a stream and a basin, fishing district after fishing district). The strip is a cross-section by distance, not a map; the width of a section corresponds to the number of points.

• River alluvium100%SR 72 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

River alluvium: Gravelly and sandy bottom and floodplains; the water is replenished from groundwater in the alluvium.

Geological age of the rocks

• Quaternary100%

Most common rock units

Quaternary cover

• fluvial sediments of floodplains100%SR 68 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

• Typical thickness of the Quaternary cover3.5m

• 2 – 5100%SR 48 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Neotectonic units

• negative unit (intermountain basins)100%SR 14 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Direction of neotectonic movements

• very small subsidence100%SR 7.3 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division

• core mountains100%SR 11 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Regional geological division (subunits)

• Strážov Mountains100%SR 1.9 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Engineering-geological districts

• region of mountain-stream deposits100%SR 21 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Engineering-geological formations

• formation of Quaternary sediments100%SR 71 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Susceptibility of the area to slope deformations

• Region of stable areas100%SR 95 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

The map covers 1 of 1 points on the water line.

Hydrogeology: aquifers and groundwater

Streams and rivers are fed by groundwater. Hydrogeological maps show in which rocks the water is stored, how permeable they are and what the water in them is like. The data come from ŠGÚDŠ maps, not from measurements at a particular water.

Type of permeability (basic hydrogeological map 1:50,000)

• intergranular100%SR 86 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Hydrogeological function

• aquifer100%SR 95 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Genetic type of groundwater

• carbonate, or silikátovo-carbonatogenic mineralisation100%SR 0.9 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Chemical type of groundwater

• Ca-HCO3 or Ca-Mg-HCO3100%SR 0.8 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Groundwater quality class

• A100%SR 36 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geothermal groundwater bodies

• Žilina Basin100%SR 1.6 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Surface water chemistry according to the atlas

Modelled composition of the water in the area the fishing district line runs through. The rasters of the Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (surface waters) are an interpolation of measurements in sampled streams, so they show the typical background of the area, not a measurement in a particular stream.

Ionic composition of the water

Water type by dominant ions: Ca–Mg–HCO₃

Shares are in equivalents, the usual way of comparing the composition of waters.

Major ions

• MagnesiumMg20.3 mg/lpercentile 67
• BicarbonatesHCO3248 mg/lpercentile 62
• CalciumCa72.9 mg/lpercentile 62
• SulphatesSO445.0 mg/lpercentile 56
• FluoridesF0.113 mg/lpercentile 50
• ChloridesCl8.42 mg/lpercentile 49
• PotassiumK0.992 mg/lpercentile 10
• SodiumNa2.62 mg/lpercentile 9

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Nutrients and organic pollution

• NitratesNO313.2 mg/lpercentile 82
• AmmoniumNH40.0444 mg/lpercentile 22
• Chemical oxygen demandChSK1.95 mg/lpercentile 18
• PhosphatesPO40.0212 mg/lpercentile 10

Metals

• AluminiumAl703 μg/lpercentile 95
• ManganeseMn10.9 μg/lpercentile 23
• ZincZn2.49 μg/lpercentile 16
• IronFe0.00425 mg/lpercentile 0

Elements in river sediments

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia (river sediments) describes what the river carries in the fine material on its bed. Sediment collects metals from rocks, ore occurrences and past mining and industry. It is not a legal limit or a health risk assessment: it shows how an element on this stream ranks among streams in Slovakia.

Potentially toxic and trace elements

• SeleniumSe0.501 mg/kgpercentile 86
• LeadPb20.6 mg/kgpercentile 72
• MercuryHg0.180 mg/kgpercentile 71
• TinSn3.31 mg/kgpercentile 70
• NickelNi29.6 mg/kgpercentile 69
• ZincZn115 mg/kgpercentile 66
• ArsenicAs7.13 mg/kgpercentile 56
• CopperCu22.1 mg/kgpercentile 42
• BismuthBi0.188 mg/kgpercentile 38
• CobaltCo7.37 mg/kgpercentile 32
• AntimonySb0.459 mg/kgpercentile 31
• ChromiumCr59.4 mg/kgpercentile 29
• MolybdenumMo0.194 mg/kgpercentile 15
• VanadiumV53.0 mg/kgpercentile 14
• CadmiumCd0.0638 mg/kgpercentile 11

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

Natural radioactivity and radon

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry by ŠGÚDŠ measures radiation from potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks and soil. Granites and some acidic volcanic rocks have the highest values, limestones and floodplains the lowest. Caesium-137 is a remnant of fallout from the Chernobyl accident and nuclear weapons tests.

• Equivalent uranium (eU)eU2.53 ppm43th percentile
• Equivalent thorium (eTh)eTh4.65 ppm4th percentile
• Potassium (K)K0.800 %percentile 4

dot: average along the water line, line: from the lowest to the highest value, scale: position among sample points on streams in Slovakia (0 to 100th percentile)

• Areal activity of 137CsCS1371,431 Bq/m²percentile 46

Radon risk by isopleths

• medium100%SR 64 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geophysical fields: magnetics and gravity

Maps of the magnetic field and gravity (ŠGÚDŠ) reveal what lies beneath the sediments and the surface: volcanic bodies, faults and crustal thickness. For an angler they are interesting indirectly: they show where the bedrock changes, and with it the water.

Geothermal potential

The Atlas of Geothermal Energy of Slovakia records rock temperature and heat flow from the Earth's interior. It is the potential of the area, not the actual warmth of the water in the stream. Specific geothermal boreholes and springs near this water are in the geothermal energy section below.

Geothermal groundwater bodies beneath the water line

• Žilina Basin100%SR 1.6 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Relief, climate and soils

A basin is not just water: slope and elevation determine the speed of runoff, climate the temperature and amount of water, and soils what is washed into the stream. The data come from the geomorphological division, climatic-geographical types and soil maps of ŠGÚDŠ.

• Elevation of geomorphological units (from–to)383–650m a.s.l.
• Average elevation of the units483m a.s.l.
• Average slope5.4°
• Average January temperature-4.8°C
• Average July temperature16.5°C
• Annual precipitation725mm

Geomorphological units

• Žilina Basin100%SR 1.2 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Geomorphological regions

• Fatra–Tatra area100%SR 21 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Climatic-geographical types

• basin climate100%SR 29 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Susceptibility of soils to acidification

• soils not susceptible to acidification100%SR 27 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Soil contamination (map 1:500,000)

• uncontaminated soil, the geogenically determined content of some risk elements reaches limit values A100%SR 45 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Lithogeochemical types

• Inner Carpathian Paleogene100%SR 11 %

marker on the bar: share among all sample points on streams in Slovakia

Map of the corridor

Where the nearest mine workings, deposits, burdens, geothermal boreholes and gold finds are. Groups can be switched off.

Trace elements in surface waters

Arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and other elements in samples from rivers and streams (Geochemical Atlas of Slovakia, surface waters, 2015). The bar shows where the highest value lies among all samples in Slovakia; the light marker is the median of the samples at this water.

• CadmiumCdslightly elevated
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Rajec-Veľká Čierna, 500m SZ od K509, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 75 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAstypical value
  highest 1.40 μg/lmedian 1.40 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Rajec-Veľká Čierna, 500m SZ od K5091993, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 60 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSebelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Rajec-Veľká Čierna, 500m SZ od K5091993, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 2.50 μg/lmedian 2.50 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Rajec-Veľká Čierna, 500m SZ od K5091993, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 43 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.500 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Rajec-Veľká Čierna, 500m SZ od K5091993, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 37 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LithiumLibelow half of Slovakia
  highest 5.00 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Rajec-Veľká Čierna, 500m SZ od K5091993, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 34 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Rajec-Veľká Čierna, 500m SZ od K5091993, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 32 of all samples in Slovakia.

• StrontiumSrbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 100 μg/lmedian 100 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Rajec-Veľká Čierna, 500m SZ od K5091993, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 28 of all samples in Slovakia.

• BariumBabelow half of Slovakia
  highest 20.0 μg/lmedian 20.0 μg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Rajec-Veľká Čierna, 500m SZ od K5091993, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 23 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCubelow half of Slovakia
  highest 1.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l1 sample100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Rajec-Veľká Čierna, 500m SZ od K5091993, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 22 of all samples in Slovakia.

Major ions, mineralisation and pH

Basic water chemistry: which rocks the minerals in it come from.

• Silicon dioxideSiO2below half of Slovakia
  highest 5.17 mg/lmedian 5.17 mg/l1 sample
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: Rajec-Veľká Čierna, 500m SZ od K5091993, 780 m from the water. Comparison: percentile 14 of all samples in Slovakia.

Gold and ore minerals in river sediments

Regional panning prospecting: the heavy fraction was washed out of river gravel and the mineral grains in it were counted. The map of finds is positive: a sample without gold is not listed in the atlas, so the absence of a find is not proof that there is no gold.

• Ilmenit (FeTiO₃)3 samples, at most 155 grains
• Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)3 samples, at most 315 grains
• Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)3 samples, at most 55 grains
• Rutil (TiO₂)3 samples, at most 55 grains
• Barite (BaSO₄)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Hematite (Fe₂O₃)2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Anatas (TiO₂)1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Pyrite (FeS₂)1 sample, at most 15 grains

Rock-forming and accessory minerals

• Granáty ((Fe,Mg,Ca,Mn)₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)3 samples, at most 815 grains
• Pyroxény ((Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆)3 samples, at most 15 grains
• Zirconium (ZrSiO₄)3 samples, at most 155 grains
• Epidot (Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH))2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Staurolit (Fe₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH))2 samples, at most 5 grains
• Tourmalines (complex borosilicate)2 samples, at most 55 grains
• Amfiboly (Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂)1 sample, at most 5 grains
• Korund (Al₂O₃)1 sample, at most 5 grains

Groundwater: chemistry, water types and radioactivity

Hydrogeochemical objects (analyses of springs and boreholes), the geochemical atlas of groundwater (1996) and radiohydrochemical sampling. Groundwater feeds streams, so its composition also affects the water in the stream.

Chemical water types nearby

• Ca-HCO37×
• Ca-Mg-HCO34×

Water quality class according to the hydrogeochemical map

• class A6×
• class B3×
• class F1×
• class E1×

Metals in groundwater

• LithiumLihigh (top 5 %)
  highest 77.0 μg/lmedian 5.00 μg/l11 samples9 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ChromiumCrhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 5.60 μg/lmedian 0.700 μg/l11 samples45 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 96 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AluminiumAlhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.0900 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l11 samples73 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.1 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• AntimonySbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 0.700 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l11 samples55 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.1 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• LeadPbhigh (top 5 %)
  highest 3.00 μg/lmedian 1.00 μg/l11 samples27 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 95 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CopperCuelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 5.30 μg/lmedian 1.10 μg/l11 samples
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 94 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ZincZnelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 872 μg/lmedian 71.0 μg/l11 samples9 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1992, 2.9 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 94 of all samples in Slovakia.

• SeleniumSeelevated (top 10 %)
  highest 2.00 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l11 samples82 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.1 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 92 of all samples in Slovakia.

• ArsenicAsslightly elevated
  highest 1.50 μg/lmedian 0.500 μg/l11 samples91 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.1 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 84 of all samples in Slovakia.

• IronFetypical value
  highest 0.00500 mg/lmedian 0.00500 mg/l7 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: prameň1992, 3.0 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 50 of all samples in Slovakia.

• CadmiumCdbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.250 μg/lmedian 0.250 μg/l11 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 47 of all samples in Slovakia.

• MercuryHgbelow half of Slovakia
  highest 0.100 μg/lmedian 0.100 μg/l11 samples100 % below the limit of quantification
  1. up to 50 %
  2. 50–75
  3. 75–90
  4. 90–99
  5. above 99

  Highest value: studňa1993, 2.8 km from the water. Comparison: percentile 46 of all samples in Slovakia.

Radon in waters

Mine workings, deposits and ore occurrences

Old mine workings outside mining areas (Geofond register), deposits and mining areas, and the metallogenetic map. Gold, silver and other metals near streams can get into sediments and water.

Deposits and mining areas

Boreholes and Geofond archive reports

Register of hydrogeological boreholes, other boreholes and geothermal boreholes. Each borehole has a report in the Geofond archive (geological profiles, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the water); the report number is in the table.

72 boreholes in the 3 km zone, of which 17 hydrogeological and 55 other; with an archive report number 72.

Borehole depths

• up to 10 m45×
• 10–30 m6×
• 30–100 m18×
• 100–300 m2×
• over 300 m1×

Nearest boreholes

Geothermal energy and mineral waters

Geothermal boreholes (wellhead water temperature, yield, chemical type) and sources of geothermal and mineral waters within 10 km. Data on the use and existence of a borehole come from the Geofond register.

Sources of geothermal and mineral waters

Environmental burdens, landfills and anthropogenic sediments

Recorded environmental burdens (industrial sites, landfills, mining), the register of waste landfills and monitoring of anthropogenic sediments (industrial sludge). It is a list of places, not a measurement of water pollution.

Waste landfills

Landslides and slope deformations

Register of documented slope deformations (Geofond). Landslides by a stream can bring fine material into the water, change the bed and dam the channel.

Types of deformations

• Landslides7×

Degree of activity

• Potenciálny5×
• Stabilizovaný2×

Current state

• Processed only in the scope of registration on a scale of 1:25,0002×